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首页> 外文期刊>Cortex: A Journal Devoted to the Study of the Nervous System and Behavior >Sight and sound out of synch: Fragmentation and renormalisation of audiovisual integration and subjective timing
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Sight and sound out of synch: Fragmentation and renormalisation of audiovisual integration and subjective timing

机译：视觉和声音异步：视听和主观时机的碎片和重新定位

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The sight and sound of a person speaking or a ball bouncing may seem simultaneous, but their corresponding neural signals are spread out over time as they arrive at different multisensory brain sites. How subjective timing relates to such neural timing remains a fundamental neuroscientific and philosophical puzzle. A dominant assumption is that temporal coherence is achieved by sensory resynchronisation or recalibration across asynchronous brain events. This assumption is easily confirmed by estimating subjective audiovisual timing for groups of subjects, which is on average similar across different measures and stimuli, and approximately veridical. But few studies have examined normal and pathological individual differences in such measures. Case PH, with lesions in pons and basal ganglia, hears people speak before seeing their lips move. Temporal order judgements (TOJs) confirmed this: voices had to lag lip-movements (by ~200msec) to seem synchronous to PH. Curiously, voices had to lead lips (also by ~200msec) to maximise the McGurk illusion (a measure of audiovisual speech integration). On average across these measures, PH's timing was therefore still veridical. Age-matched control participants showed similar discrepancies. Indeed, normal individual differences in TOJ and McGurk timing correlated negatively: subjects needing an auditory lag for subjective simultaneity needed an auditory lead for maximal McGurk, and vice versa. This generalised to the Stream-Bounce illusion. Such surprising antagonism seems opposed to good sensory resynchronisation, yet average timing across tasks was still near-veridical. Our findings reveal remarkable disunity of audiovisual timing within and between subjects. To explain this we propose that the timing of audiovisual signals within different brain mechanisms is perceived relative to the average timing across mechanisms. Such renormalisation fully explains the curious antagonistic relationship between disparate timing estimates in PH and healthy participants, and how they can still perceive the timing of external events correctly, on average.
机译：一个人说话或球弹跳的视觉和声音可能会同声，但它们相应的神经信号随着时间的推移而散布，因为它们到达不同的多思脑脑部位。主观时序如何涉及这种神经时序仍然是一个基本的神经科学和哲学难题。主导假设是通过异步大脑事件的感官重新同步或重新校准来实现时间相干性。通过估算受试者组的主观视听时间来容易证实这种假设，这在不同措施和刺激和刺激的平均值和大致敏捷中。但是，很少有研究已经检查了这种措施的正常和病理个体差异。案例pH，伴随着PONS和BASAL GANLIA中的病变，听到人们在看到嘴唇之前发言。时间顺序判断（TOJS）确认：声音必须滞后（〜200msec）似乎同步到pH。奇怪的是，声音不得不引领嘴唇（也〜200msec）来最大化McGurk幻觉（视听语音集成的衡量标准）。平均这些措施平均而言，pH的时间仍然是敏捷的。年龄匹配的控制参与者显示出类似的差异。实际上，TOJ和McGurk时序的正常各个差异负相关：需要对主观同时性的听觉滞后的受试者需要对最大McGurk的听觉引线，反之亦然。这广泛地透过流反弹错觉。这种令人惊讶的对抗似乎与良好的感官重新同步相反，但跨行组的平均时间仍然接近。我们的调查结果揭示了科目内和之间的视听时间令人瞩目。为了解释这一点，我们建议在不同脑机制内的视听信号的定时相对于跨机制的平均时序感知。这种重新定位充分解释了PH和健康参与者中不同时间估计之间的好奇拮抗关系，以及平均仍然可以正确地察觉到外部事件的时间。

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