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Considerations for Gradient Echo Echo Planar Imaging of Skeletal Muscle

机译：骨骼肌梯度回波平面成像的考虑因素

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摘要

Adequate blood circulation to muscles is important for good health. In recent years, researchers have increasingly used magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to study temporal skeletal muscle physiological changes using gradient echo (GRE) echo planar imaging (EPI). These studies, typically involving exercise or ischemic challenges, have differentiated healthy subjects from athletic or unhealthy populations, such as those with peripheral vascular disease. The T~*_2-weighted GRE EPI signal is sensitive to changes in blood flow and oxygenation in muscle. Furthermore, the signal can be weighted differently by adjusting the echo time (T_E), achieving either blood volume (BV) or blood oxygenation level dependent (BOLD) imaging. This paper comprehensively reviews the muscle GRE EPI literature to date, with a particular emphasis on studies that have also used other modalities in an attempt to elucidate the GRE EPI signal characteristics. Finally, the systemic and muscle physiological factors that are thought to influence the GRE EPI signal during and after exercise are described. These include temperature, blood flow, blood oxygen saturation, myoglobin, and postural effects. The summary attempts to predict, based on the published literature, the temporal dynamics of these signal-influencing parameters in a hypothetical exercise experiment.
机译：足够的血液循环对肌肉非常重要。近年来，研究人员越来越多地使用磁共振成像（MRI）来使用梯度回波（GRE）回声平面成像（EPI）研究时间骨骼肌生理变化。这些研究通常涉及运动或缺血挑战，具有来自运动或不健康群体的健康受试者，例如具有外周血血管疾病的人。 T〜* _2加权GRE EPI信号对肌肉中血流和氧合的变化敏感。此外，通过调节回声时间（T_E），可以通过调整血液体积（BV）或血氧化等级（粗体）成像来不同地加权信号。本文全面评论肌肉GRE EPI文献迄今为止，特别强调研究还使用其他方式试图阐明GRE EPI信号特征。最后，描述了在运动期间和之后被认为影响GRE EPI信号的全身和肌肉生理因素。这些包括温度，血流，血氧饱和度，肌红蛋白和姿势效果。基于发表的文献，在假设的运动实验中，基于发表的文献来预测这些信号影响参数的时间动态的总结。

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