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首页> 外文期刊>Cotton Reseach Journal >Dual Challenge of Productivity and Profitability of Cotton Production System in India
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Dual Challenge of Productivity and Profitability of Cotton Production System in India

机译：印度棉花生产系统生产力和盈利能力的双重挑战

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Cotton crop is very important commercially in 9 states of India. It occupies almost 12 m ha area in the country. The Indian cotton crop cultivation is most diverse in the world, both in terms of botanical status (species) and fiber quality range cultivation practices, and seasons of growing. The three species of Gossypium contributing to the cotton trade and industrial consumption viz., G. hirsutum, G. arboretum and G. herbaceum are commercially grown in the country. The fourth cultivated species, G.barbadense contributes to the best quality superfine fiber but grown mostly in Tamil Nadu. Several other unique features of cotton cultivation encompasses growing of interspecies and intra-species hybrid cultivars all through the year, hand picking, intercropping, and large variation in inputs of water and fertilizers. It is sown in early May to late Sept from north to south with duration ranging from 140 to 240 days. Cotton is also the first crop in India, where genetically engineered technology (GE)or commonly referred as biotech crop has been commercialized in the form of insect-resistant Bt cotton. In the last decade cotton production scenario has undergone dramatic changes and Indian cotton has not only dominated the International production picture but attracted the attention of all global players in the commodity for its persistent growth. In 2015, India has emerged as the world's largest producer of cotton outpacing the mighty China. With 4000 and odd G & P factories, Indian textile sector has scope to expand. Technology Mission on Cotton introduced in 2002 has further boosted the cotton production, quality marketing and ginning. The cotton progress in India is dotted with technology support whenever, the yield has remain stagnant. The situation became worrisome when the cotton yields remained at 280-300 kg lint per ha for nearly 20 years and the textile industry had to depend on imports. With introduction of Bt cotton the scenario changed after 2002 when the technology was permitted for commercial use in India. Within 5 years the cotton cultivation was a sea change as farmers adopted the new technology wholeheartedly, area increased from 8 mha in 2002 to 12.5 mha in 2016-17 and nearly 90 % of the total area of cotton was covered by Bt cotton hybrids. Yields doubled, pesticideuse reduced by 34 %, country became a net exporter of cotton and industrial uses of cotton increased dramatically.
机译：棉花作物在印度的9个州商业非常重要。它在该国占据了近12米的地区。印度棉田作物种植在世界上最多样化，无论是在植物状况（种类）和纤维质量范围种植实践方面，也是生长的季节。这三种Gossypium有助于棉花贸易和工业消费VIZ。，G.Hirsutum，G.Arboretum和G.草本植物在该国商业种植。第四种栽培物种G.Barbadense有助于最优质的超细纤维，但大多是在泰米尔纳德邦的。棉花种植的其他几种独特特征包括全年种类和物种内部杂种品种，手工采摘，间作和水和肥料投入的大变化。它在5月初播种到9月下旬，南部到南部，持续时间从140到240天。棉花也是印度的第一个作物，基因工程技术（GE）或通常被称为生物技术作物，以抗虫BT棉的形式商业化。在过去十年的棉花生产方案发生了巨大的变化，印度棉花不仅主导了国际生产图片，而且引起了所有全球参与者在商品中的持续增长。 2015年，印度已成为世界上最大的棉花生产国出现，超越了中国的强大。拥有4000个奇数G＆P工厂，印度纺织部门具有扩展的范围。 2002年推出的棉花技术使命进一步推动了棉花生产，质量营销和轧花。印度的棉花进展随时随地提供技术支持，产量保持停滞不前。当棉花产量持续为每人近20年的棉花产量持续280-300千克，而纺织业不得不依赖进口量，情况变得令人担忧。随着BT棉的引入，2002年后的情景发生了变化，当时该技术被允许在印度商业用途。在5年内，棉花种植是一个彻底通过新技术的海洋变革，2002年的8 MHA增加到2016 - 17年的12.5 MHA，占棉杂交种的近90％的棉花覆盖。产量加倍，农药减少了34％，国家成为棉花的净出口国，棉花的工业用途急剧增加。

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