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首页> 外文期刊>Current drug abuse reviews. >Long-term Administration of Antipsychotic Drugs in Schizophrenia and Influence of Substance and Drug Abuse on the Disease Outcome
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Long-term Administration of Antipsychotic Drugs in Schizophrenia and Influence of Substance and Drug Abuse on the Disease Outcome

机译：精神分裂症中长期施用抗精神病药物和物质和药物滥用对疾病结果的影响

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Background: Many schizophrenic patients with a long-term administration of antipsychotic drugs do not regularly adhere to the prescribed pharmacotherapy. Antipsychotic drugs constitute a palliative, but not a curative treatment, and the long-term effect of these drugs is not secure.Patients tend to consume nicotine and alcohol, as well as some patients consume drugs such as cannabis and amphetamines. Objective: The objective of this mini-review is to examine the reasons for the high tendency of schizophrenic patients to consume alcohol, nicotine and drugs and inaddition to suggest measures to reduce the abuse of substances and drugs. The effects of substances such as alcohol and nicotine and drugs such as cannabis and amphetamines on the disease outcome will be mentioned. Method: Previous reviews on the psychotic disorders and the pharmacologicaltreatment were used to examine the effects of substances and drugs on schizophrenic symptoms and to investigate appropriate measures to improve medication adherence and the renouncement of consuming substances and drugs. Results: A possible coherence between the function of single susceptibilitygenes and the alteration of neurotransmitters is mentioned. The mechanism of action of the most important secondgeneration antipsychotic drugs and their indications are described. The tendency of schizophrenic patients to consume alcohol and nicotine and in addition the effect of both substancesto possibly worsen psychotic symptoms are pointed out. The effect of nicotinergic agonists to support smoking cessation is described. The different compounds of cannabis, tetrahydrocannabidiol (a psychotomimetic) and cannabidiol (exerts antipsychotic actions), are mentioned. Because a reducedadherence to the pharmacotherapy is frequently combined with the abuse of substances, additional drugs, psychoeducation and the administration of long-acting injectable antipsychotic drugs could reduce the abuse of substances and drugs; these strategies could help to maintain the antipsychoticadministration. Conclusion: The abuse of drugs and substances might be combined with a reduced adherence to the antipsychotic pharmacotherapy. Drugs and substances might in some cases worsen the psychotic symptoms. Appropriate measures to reduce substance and drug abuse as well as toimprove the adherence to the antipsychotic pharmacotherapy are cognitive behavioral therapy, psychoeducation and the administration of long-acting injectable antipsychotic drugs. Some new drugs, for example the cannabis compound cannabidiol that shows antipsychotic properties and ?-varenicline,a nicotinergic cholinergic agonist, might be administered when substance abuse (cannabis, nicotine) occurs.
机译：背景：许多精神分裂症患者长期施用抗精神病药物不经常遵守规定的药物疗法。抗精神病药物构成姑息性，但不是治疗方法，这些药物的长期效果是不可施的。倾向于消耗尼古丁和酒精，以及一些患者消耗大麻和安非他胺类等药物。目的：这种迷你审查的目的是审查精神分裂症患者的高趋势的原因消耗酒精，尼古丁和药物和劳动，建议减少滥用物质和药物的措施。将提到诸如酒精和尼古丁和药物如大麻和疗法的药物的物质的影响。方法：前一项关于精神病疾病和药物治疗的评论用于检查物质和药物对精神分裂症症状的影响，并调查适当措施，以改善药物依从性和消费物质和药物的放弃。结果：提到单一易感性函数与神经递质的改变之间的可能相干性。描述了最重要的二氧化性抗精神病药物及其适应症的作用机制。精神分裂症患者消耗酒精和尼古丁的趋势，并且添加了素质可能恶化精神症状的效果。描述了烟草能激动剂对吸烟停止的影响。提到了大麻，四氢甘露甘醇（精神瘤）和大麻（施加抗精神病学作用）的不同化合物。由于对药物治疗的滥用性，滥用物质，额外的药物，心理教育和长效注射性抗精神药物的给药可能会降低物质和药物的滥用;这些策略可以帮助维护抗精神病管理。结论：滥用药物和物质可能与抗精神病药疗法的依从性降低。在某些情况下药物和物质可能会恶化精神病症状。减少物质和药物滥用的适当措施以及对抗精神病药疗法的依从性是认知行为治疗，心理教育和长效注射性抗精神病药物的给药。一些新药物，例如大麻复合大麻，显示抗精神病性质和β-varenicline，一种烟草能胆碱能激动剂，当物质滥用（大麻，尼古丁）发生时，可以给药。

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