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Applications of the magnetocaloric effect in single-stage, multi-stage and continuous adiabatic demagnetization refrigerators

机译：磁热效应在单级，多级和连续绝热退磁制冷机中的应用

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摘要

Adiabatic demagnetization refrigerators (ADR), based on the magnetocaloric effect, are solid-state cooler-. that were the first to achieve cooling well into the sub-kelvin regime. Although supplanted by more powerful dilution refrigerators in the 1960s, ADRs have experienced a revival due to the needs of the space community for cooling astronomical instruments and detectors to temperatures below 100 mK, The earliest of these were single-stage refrigerators using superfluid helium as a heat sink. Their modest cooling power(<1μW at 60 ml<[l]) was sufficient for the small (6× 6) detector arrays [2], but recent advances in arraying and multiplexing technologies [3] are generating a need for higher cooling power (5-10 μW., and lower temperature (<30 mK). Single-stage ADRs have both practical and fundamental limits to their operating range, as mass grows very rapidly as the operating range is expanded. This has led to the development of new architectures that introduce multi-staging as a way to improve operating range, efficiency and cooling power. Multi-staging also enables ADRs to be configured for continuous operation, which greatly improves cooling power per unit mass. This paper reviews the current field of adiabatic demagnetization refrigeration, beginning with a description of the magnetocaloric effect and its application in single-stage systems, and then describing the challenges and capabilities of multi-stage and continuous ADRs.
机译：基于磁热效应的绝热退磁制冷机（ADR）是固态制冷机。这是第一个完全冷却到开尔文政权下的政权。尽管ADR在1960年代被功能更强大的稀释冰箱所取代，但由于太空界需要将天文仪器和探测器冷却至100 mK以下的温度，ADR经历了复兴，最早的是使用超流氦气作为燃料的单级冰箱。散热器。它们适度的冷却功率（在60 ml <[l]时<1μW）足以用于小型（6×6）检测器阵列[2]，但是阵列和多路复用技术的最新进展[3]产生了对更高冷却功率的需求（5-10μW。和较低的温度（<30 mK）。单级ADR在其工作范围上有实际和基本的限制，因为随着工作范围的扩大，质量会非常迅速地增长。这导致了ADR的发展。引入多阶段的新架构，以改善工作范围，效率和冷却功率;多阶段还使ADR配置为连续运行，从而大大提高了单位质量的冷却功率。退磁制冷，首先描述磁热效应及其在单级系统中的应用，然后描述多级和连续ADR的挑战和能力。

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