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首页> 外文期刊>ACM Transactions on Embedded Computing Systems >Efficient, Long-Term Logging of Rich Data Sensors Using Transient Sensor Nodes
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Efficient, Long-Term Logging of Rich Data Sensors Using Transient Sensor Nodes

机译：使用瞬态传感器节点高效，长期记录丰富的数据传感器

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While energy harvesting is generally seen to be the key to power cyber-physical systems in a low-cost, long-term, efficient manner, it has generally required large energy storage devices to mitigate the effects of the source's variability. The emerging class of transiently powered systems embrace this variability by performing computation in proportion to the energy harvested, thereby minimizing the obtrusive and expensive storage element. By using an efficient Energy Management Unit (EMU), small bursts of energy can be buffered in an optimally sized capacitor and used to supply generic loads, even when the average harvested power is only a fraction of that required for sustained system operation. Dynamic Energy Burst Scaling (DEBS) can be used by the load to dynamically configure the EMU to supply small bursts of energy at its optimal power point, independent from the harvester's operating point. Parameters like the maximum burst size, the solar panel's area, as well as the use of energy-efficient Non-Volatile Memory Hierarchy (NVMH) can have a significant impact on the transient system's characteristics such as the wake-up time and the amount of work that can be done per unit of energy. Experimental data from a solar-powered, long-term autonomous image acquisition application show that, regardless of its configuration, the EMU can supply energy bursts to a 43.4mW load with efficiencies of up to 79.7% and can work with input power levels as low as 140 mu W. When the EMU is configured to use DEBS and NVMH, the total energy cost of acquiring, processing and storing an image can be reduced by 77.8%, at the price of increasing the energy buffer size by 65%.
机译：虽然能量收集通常被视为以低成本，长期，有效的方式为电力网络物理系统的关键，但它通常需要大量的能量存储装置来减轻源的变化的影响。新出现的瞬时动力系统通过以与收获的能量成比例地执行计算来拥抱这种变化，从而最小化突出和昂贵的存储元件。通过使用高效的能量管理单元（EMU），即使当平均收获功率仅为持续系统操作所需的一小部分时，也可以在最佳尺寸的电容器中缓冲和用于提供通用载荷的小突发。负载可以使用动态能量突发缩放（DEBS），以动态配置EMU，以在其最佳功率点提供小的能量突发，与收集者的操作点无关。像最大突发大小，太阳能电池板的区域以及使用节能非易失性存储器层次结构（NVMH）的参数可能对瞬态系统的特性（例如唤醒时间）和数量相比每单位能量完成的工作。来自太阳能的长期自主图像采集应用程序的实验数据表明，无论其配置如何，EMU都可以向43.4MW的负载提供高达79.7％的43.4MW负载，并且可以使用输入功率水平低当EMU配置为使用DEBS和NVMH时，可以减少77.8％的获取，处理和存储图像的总能量成本，以增加能量缓冲尺寸为65％。

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