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Functionalized silica nanoparticles as additives for polymorphic control in emulsion-based crystallization of glycine

机译：功能化二氧化硅纳米粒子作为甘氨酸基于乳液的结晶多态控制的添加剂

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Emulsion-based crystallization to produce spherical crystalline agglomerates is an attractive route to control the size and morphology of active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) crystals, which in turn improves downstream processability. Here, we demonstrate the use of silica nanoparticles modified with different surface functional groups (hydroxyl, amino, carboxylic, imidazolim chloride, and chloride) as additives in water-in-oil emulsion-based crystallization of glycine, a model API molecule. Spherical agglomerates of glycine obtained under different experimental conditions are characterized by powder X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy. Our observations reveal the strong influence of particle functionalization on polymorphic outcome at near-neutral (pH ～6) conditions, where we are able to selectively crystallize the least stable β-polymorph of glycine or tune the relative ratio of α- and β-polymorphs by selecting appropriate experimental conditions. Mixtures of α- and γ-glycine are typically obtained under acidic solutions (pH ～3), irrespective of the functional groups used. We examine the influence of charge and immobilization density of surface functional groups and nanoparticle concentration on the polymorphic outcome and rationalize our results by analyzing molecular and functional group speciation.
机译：基于乳液的结晶法生产球形结晶附聚物是控制活性药物成分（API）晶体尺寸和形态的有吸引力的途径，从而改善了下游加工性能。在这里，我们演示了使用经不同表面官能团（羟基，氨基，羧基，咪唑啉氯化物和氯化物）修饰的二氧化硅纳米粒子作为添加剂，在基于油包水乳液的甘氨酸（模型API分子）的结晶中的用途。通过粉末X射线衍射（XRD）和扫描电子显微镜对在不同实验条件下获得的甘氨酸球形团聚体进行了表征。我们的观察结果表明，在近中性（pH〜6）条件下，粒子功能化对多态性结果具有强大的影响，在该条件下，我们可以选择性地结晶最不稳定的甘氨酸β-多晶型物或调节α-和β-多晶型物的相对比例。通过选择适当的实验条件。不论使用何种官能团，α-和γ-甘氨酸的混合物通常在酸性溶液（pH〜3）下获得。我们研究了表面官能团的电荷和固定密度以及纳米粒子浓度对多态性结果的影响，并通过分析分子和官能团的形态合理化了我们的结果。

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