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Numerical investigation of potential stratification caused by a cryogenic helium spill inside a tunnel

机译：隧道内部低温氦气泄漏引起的潜在分层的数值研究

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The sudden release of cryogenic fluid into an accelerator tunnel can pose a significant health and safety risk. For this reason, it is important to evaluate the consequences of such a spill. Previous publications concentrated on either Oxygen Deficiency Hazard or the evaluation of mathematical models using experimental data. No studies to date have focussed on the influence of cryogen inlet conditions on flow development. In this paper, the stratification behaviour of low-temperature helium released into an air-filled accelerator tunnel is investigated for varying helium inlet diameters. A numerical model was constructed using the OpenFOAM Toolbox of a generalised 3D geometry, with similar hydraulic characteristics to the CERN and SLAC tunnels. This model has been validated against published experimental and numerical data. A dimensionless parameter, based on Bakke number, was then determined for the onset of stratification, taking into account the helium inlet diameter; a dimensionless parameter for the degree of stratification was also employed. The simulated flow behaviour is described in terms of these dimensionless parameters, as well as the temperature and oxygen concentration at various heights throughout the tunnel.
机译：低温液体进入加速器隧道的突然释放可能会产生重大的健康和安全风险。因此，评估这种泄漏的后果非常重要。以前的出版物集中在缺氧危险或使用实验数据的数学模型的评估。迄今为止没有研究侧重于低温入口条件对流动发展的影响。本文研究了释放到充气加速器隧道中的低温氦气的分层行为，以改变氦气入口直径。使用通用3D几何形状的OpenFoam工具箱构建了数值模型，具有与CERN和SLAC隧道相似的液压特性。该模型已针对已发布的实验和数值数据验证。然后确定基于Bakke号码的无量纲参数用于分层的开始，考虑到氦气直径;还采用了分层程度的无量纲参数。根据这些无量纲参数描述模拟流动行为，以及整个隧道的各个高度处的温度和氧浓度。

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