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Low-Temperature Solution-Grown CsPbBr3 Single Crystals and Their Characterization

机译:低温固溶CsPbBr3单晶及其表征

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摘要

Cesium lead bromide (CsPbBr3) was recently introduced as a potentially high performance thin-film halide perovskite (HaP) material for optoelectronics, including photovoltaics, significantly more stable than MAPbBr(3) (MA = CH3NH3+). Because of the importance of single crystals to study relevant material properties per se, crystals grown under conditions comparable to those used for preparing thin films, i.e., low-temperature solution-based growth, are needed. We show here two simple ways, antisolvent-vapor saturation or heating a solution containing retrograde soluble CsPbBr3, to grow single crystals of CsPbBr3 from a precursor solution, treated with acetonitrile (MeCN) or methanol (MeOH). The precursor solutions are stable for at least several months. Millimeter-sized crystals are grown without crystal-seeding and can provide a 100% yield of CsPbBr3 perovskite crystals, avoiding a CsBr-rich (or PbBr2-rich) composition, which is often present alongside the perovskite phase. Further growth is demonstrated to be possible with crystal seeding. The crystals are characterized in several ways, including first results of charge carrier lifetime (30 ns) and an upper-limit of the Urbach energy (19 meV). As the crystals are grown from a polar aprotic solvent (DMSO), which is similar to those used to grow hybrid organic-inorganic HaP crystals, this may allow growing mixed (organic and inorganic) monovalent cation HaP crystals.
机译:溴化铯(CsPbBr3)最近作为一种潜在的高性能薄膜卤化物钙钛矿(HaP)材料用于光电子学(包括光伏),其稳定性比MAPbBr(3)(MA = CH3NH3 +)稳定得多。由于单晶本身对研究相关材料性能的重要性,因此需要在与用于制备薄膜的条件相当的条件下生长的晶体,即基于低温溶液的生长。我们在这里显示了两种简单的方法,即反溶剂蒸汽饱和或加热包含逆行可溶性CsPbBr3的溶液,以从前体溶液(经乙腈(MeCN)或甲醇(MeOH)处理)生长CsPbBr3的单晶。前体溶液稳定至少几个月。毫米大小的晶体无需晶种即可生长,并且可以提供100%的CsPbBr3钙钛矿晶体产量,避免了通常与钙钛矿相并存的富含CsBr(或PbBr2)的成分。晶体生长可以证明进一步生长是可能的。晶体通过多种方式进行表征,包括电荷载流子寿命的最初结果(30 ns)和Urbach能量的上限(19 meV)。由于晶体是从极性非质子溶剂(DMSO)中生长出来的,而后者与用于生长有机有机-无机HaP杂化晶体的晶体相似,因此可以生长混合的(有机和无机)单价阳离子HaP晶体。

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