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首页> 外文期刊>ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering >Food-Energy-Water Nexus: Quantifying Embodied Energy and GHG Emissions from Irrigation through Virtual Water Transfers in Food Trade
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Food-Energy-Water Nexus: Quantifying Embodied Energy and GHG Emissions from Irrigation through Virtual Water Transfers in Food Trade

机译：食品 - 能源 - 水Nexus：通过粮食贸易中的虚拟水转移量化灌溉的体现能量和温室气体排放量

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摘要

We present a network model of interstate food trade and report comprehensive estimates of embodied irrigation energy and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions in virtual water trade for the United States (U.S.). We consider trade of 29 food commodities including 14 grains and livestock products between 51 states. A total of 643 million tons of food with a corresponding 322 billion m(3) of virtual water, 584 billion MJ of embodied irrigation energy, and 42 billion kg CO2-equivalent GHG emissions were traded across the U.S. in 2012. The estimated embodied GHG emissions in irrigation water are similar to CO2 emissions from the U.S. cement industry, highlighting the importance of reducing environmental impacts of irrigation. While animal-based commodities represented 12% of food trade, they accounted for 38% of the embodied energy and GHG emissions from virtual irrigation water transfers due to the high irrigation embodied energy and emissions intensity of animal-based products. From a network perspective, the food trade network is a robust, well-connected network with the majority of states participating in food trade. When the magnitude of embodied energy and GHG emissions associated with virtual water are considered, a few key states emerge controlling high throughput in the network.
机译：我们展示了一个州际食品贸易的网络模式，并报告了美国虚拟水贸易中体现灌溉能源和温室气体（GHG）排放的全面估计。我们考虑29种食品商品，其中包括14个谷物和51个州之间的牲畜产品。 2012年，共有64300万吨虚拟用水，58.4亿立方米，58.4亿MJ的灌溉能源，420亿公斤CO2相同的温室气体排放量在美国交易。估计所体现的温室气体灌溉用水排放类似于美国水泥行业的二氧化碳排放，突出了减少灌溉环境影响的重要性。虽然基于动物的商品代表了12％的食品贸易，但由于大量灌溉所体现的能量和排放强度的动物产品的高灌溉能量和排放强度，他们占了38％的虚拟灌溉水转移的38％。从网络的角度来看，食品贸易网络是一个强大的，连接良好的网络，其中大多数各国参与了食品贸易。当考虑到与虚拟水相关的体现能量和温室气体排放的幅度时，一些关键状态出现了控制网络中的高吞吐量。

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