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首页> 外文期刊>ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering >Sustainable Electrochemical Extraction of Metal Resources from Waste Streams: From Removal to Recovery
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Sustainable Electrochemical Extraction of Metal Resources from Waste Streams: From Removal to Recovery

机译：废物流中金属资源的可持续电化学提取：从去除到恢复

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摘要

Due to the widespread application of heavy metals in steel making, electronics, batteries, leather tanning, and catalysis, considerable toxic heavy metal-bearing wastewater and solid waste are directly or indirectly discharged into surrounding environments. Recently, electrochemical methods have attracted considerable attention for the remediation of metal pollution, originating from their environmental compatibility, high efficiency/selectivity/feasibility, and cost effectiveness. This review aims at recent advances in electrochemical metal recovery techniques, such as electrodeposition, electrosorption, electrodialysis, electrodeionization, and bioelectrochemical and photoelectrochemical methods. Additionally, the mechanisms and behaviors of different strategies are reviewed and compared, to overcome the limitations of concentration polarization from dilute metal ions, production of dendrites and spongy deposits, sluggish kinetics of ions transportation, and side-reactions from the hydrogen evolution and oxygen reduction reactions. Furthermore, the current challenges and future prospects of electrochemical metal recovery applications are also provided, to establish a process-mechanism-products (PMP) rational design of metal recovery, rather than simple metal removal.
机译：由于钢制造中的重金属的广泛应用，电子，电池，皮革晒黑和催化，具有相当多的毒性重金属废水和固体废物直接或间接地排放到周围环境中。最近，电化学方法引起了对金属污染的修复，源自环境兼容性，高效率/选择性/可行性以及成本效益的重建。本综述旨在近期电化学金属回收技术的进展，例如电沉积，电吸收，电渗析，电除湿和生物电化学和光电化学方法。另外，综述了不同策略的机制和行为，并进行了比较，以克服稀释金属离子的浓度极化的局限性，树突和海绵状沉积物的产生，离子输送的缓慢动力学，以及来自氢气进化和氧还原的副反应反应。此外，还提供了电化学金属回收应用的当前挑战和未来前景，以建立金属回收的方法 - 机制 - 产品（PMP）理性设计，而不是简单的金属去除。

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