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Quantum mechanically guided design of transition metal alloyed RuO _2 nanorods

机译:过渡金属合金化RuO _2纳米棒的量子力学引导设计

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Using ab initio calculations, we have probed the effect of all 4d transition metals as potential alloying elements for RuO_2 (space group P4_2/mnm, prototype rutile) on the phase stability and Seebeck coefficient. Nb additions were identified to increase both the phase stability and the Seebeck coefficient. Based on this design proposal, the ternary compound was synthesized by combinatorial reactive sputtering. X-ray diffraction data suggest that Nb is incorporated in the rutile structure with the solubility limit in the range 3-4 atom %. Nanorod formation is observed at Nb contents ≥2.9 atom %. Rutile coordination is present in all specimen, while with increasing Nb content Nb_2O_5 coordination appears. This may be understood based on our ab initio molecular dynamics simulations. Surface coarsening on the atomic scale occurs due to O cross-linking of two neighboring NbO_6 octahedra. Hence, it is reasonable to assume that NbO _6 octahedra contribute toward the experimentally observed formation of nanorods.
机译:使用从头算的方法,我们探讨了所有4d过渡金属作为RuO_2(空间群P4_2 / mnm,原型金红石)的潜在合金元素对相稳定性和塞贝克系数的影响。鉴定出添加铌可增加相稳定性和塞贝克系数。根据该设计方案,通过组合反应溅射合成了三元化合物。 X射线衍射数据表明,Nb掺入金红石结构中,其溶解度极限在3-4原子%的范围内。在Nb含量≥2.9原子%时观察到纳米棒的形成。在所有试样中均存在金红石配位,而随着Nb含量的增加,出现Nb_2O_5配位。基于我们的从头算分子动力学模拟可以理解这一点。由于两个相邻的NbO_6八面体的O交联,导致原子级的表面变粗糙。因此,可以合理地假设NbO _6八面体有助于实验观察到的纳米棒的形成。

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