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首页> 外文期刊>Addiction biology >Not all smokers appear to seek nicotine for the same reasons: implications for preclinical research in nicotine dependence
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Not all smokers appear to seek nicotine for the same reasons: implications for preclinical research in nicotine dependence

机译：并非所有吸烟者都似乎寻求尼古丁，原因如此：对尼古丁依赖的临床前研究的影响

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Abstract Tobacco use leads to 6 million deaths every year due to severe long‐lasting diseases. The main component of tobacco, nicotine, is recognized as one of the most addictive drugs, making smoking cessation difficult, even when 70 percent of smokers wish to do so. Clinical and preclinical studies have demonstrated consistently that nicotine seeking is a complex behavior involving various psychopharmacological mechanisms. Evidence supports that the population of smokers is heterogeneous, particularly as regards the breadth of motives that determine the urge to smoke. Here, we review converging psychological, genetic and neurobiological data from clinical and preclinical studies supporting that the mechanisms controlling nicotine seeking may vary from individual to individual. It appears timely that basic neuroscience integrates this heterogeneity to refine our understanding of the neurobiology of nicotine seeking, as tremendous progress has been made in modeling the various psychopharmacological mechanisms driving nicotine seeking in rodents. For a better understanding of the mechanisms that drive nicotine seeking, we emphasize the need for individual‐based research strategies in which nicotine seeking, and eventually treatment efficacy, are determined while taking into account individual variations in the mechanisms of nicotine seeking.
机译：由于严重的持久性疾病，摘要烟草每年都会导致600万人死亡。烟草，尼古丁的主要成分被认为是最成瘾的药物之一，使吸烟困难困难，即使70％的吸烟者希望这样做。临床和临床前研究已经始终如一地证明，尼古丁寻求是一种涉及各种精神武装机制的复杂行为。证据支持吸烟者人口是异质的，特别是关于确定烟雾冲动的动机的广度。在这里，我们回顾来自临床和临床前研究的聚合心理，遗传和神经生物学数据，支持控制尼古丁寻求的机制可能因个体而异。它及时看来，基本神经科学纳入这种异质性，以改善我们对尼古丁寻求神经生物学的理解，因为在促进啮齿动物中寻求尼古丁寻求尼古丁的各种精神医学机制方面取得了巨大进展。为了更好地了解驱动尼古丁寻求的机制，我们强调需要基于个性的研究策略，其中确定尼古丁寻求和最终治疗效果，同时考虑了尼古丁寻求机制的单个变化。

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