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New Findings about Nucleation and Crystal Growth of Reverse Osmosis Desalination Scales with and without Inhibitor

机译:有和没有抑制剂的反渗透海水淡化鳞片成核和晶体生长的新发现

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摘要

Nucleation and crystal growth of CaSO4 center dot 2H(2)O (gypsum) was studied under simulated conditions of scale formation using a reverse osmosis desalination technique. Calcium chloride and sodium sulfate were mixed with concentrated sodium chloride solution (40 g/L), and the reaction mixture turbidity was measured at different time intervals to determine the induction time of precipitated gypsum. Induction time was measured under different high supersaturation ratios ranging from 3.92 to 6.71. The induction time decreases exponentially with increasing the supersaturation. Using crystallization equations that relate induction times with supersaturation ratios, the free energy barrier and critical nuclei radius were calculated with and without addition of a scale inhibitor (trisodium phosphate, TSP). Rates of nucleation at a 4.47 supersaturation ratio are 0.4 x 10(28) and 0.5 x 10(28) nuclei/cm(3).s with and without TSP addition, respectively.
机译:使用反渗透淡化技术,在模拟水垢形成条件下,研究了CaSO4中心点2H(2)O(石膏)的形核和晶体生长。将氯化钙和硫酸钠与浓氯化钠溶液(40 g / L)混合,并在不同时间间隔测量反应混合物的浊度,以确定沉淀石膏的诱导时间。在3.92至6.71的不同高过饱和比下测量诱导时间。感应时间随着过饱和度的增加呈指数下降。使用将诱导时间与过饱和比相关的结晶方程式,可以计算添加或不添加阻垢剂(磷酸三钠,TSP)的自由能垒和临界核半径。添加和不添加TSP时,过饱和比为4.47时的成核速率分别为0.4 x 10(28)和0.5 x 10(28)核/cm(3).s。

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