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首页> 外文期刊>Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment: An International Journal for Scientific Research on the Relationship of Agriculture and Food Production to the Biosphere >Evaluation of selected watershed characteristics to identify best management practices to reduce Nebraskan nitrate loads from Nebraska to the Mississippi/Atchafalaya River basin
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Evaluation of selected watershed characteristics to identify best management practices to reduce Nebraskan nitrate loads from Nebraska to the Mississippi/Atchafalaya River basin

机译：评估所选择的流域特征，以确定从内布拉斯加州减少内布拉斯加州硝酸盐荷兰河到密西西比/阿特希非山河流域的最佳管理实践

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摘要

Nebraskan streams contribute excess nitrogen to the Mississippi/Atchafalaya River Basin and Gulf of Mexico, which results in major water-quality impairments. Reducing the amount of nitrogen (N) exported in these streams requires the use of best management practices (BMPs) within the landscape. However, proper BMP utilization has rarely been statistically connected to potential controls of N export within watersheds, particularly precipitation and soil characteristics. In this study, 19 watershed variables were evaluated in five categories (hydrological, physiographic, point sources, land use, and soil properties) to determine the characteristics that influenced variable nitrate nitrogen (NO3-N) concentrations in 17 Nebraska watersheds with known high NO3-N export rates. Each characteristic was derived from publicly-available datasets in an effort to develop a multiregional method. Of the 19 variables evaluated, 10 variables (developed, cropland, herbaceous, forest, excessively-drained soils, precipitation, base-flow index, slope, organic matter and point sources) were identified to statistically influence stream NO3-N concentrations. The 17 watersheds were divided into five subset groups using principal component analysis. Distributions of the 10 watershed variables were then used to determine the most applicable BMPs for NO3-N reductions for each stream subset: excessively drained with high baseflow index (Groups 1 and 2), dominantely row crop land usage with well-drained soils, higher precipitation, and an increased tendency for surface runoff concerns (Group 3), highly developed watersheds (Group 4), and single river dominated by wastewater treatment plant discharge (Group 5). Based on the most influential variables a variety of BMPs were recommended, including N fertilizer application management and accounting for N credit from mineralization and NO3-N in irrigation water (Groups 1 and 2), installation of riparian buffers and wetlands (Group 3), urban BMPs such as bioretention cells and permeable pavement (Group 4), and upgrades to the wastewater treatment plant (Group 5). This study provides an improved technique for facilitating watershed management by linking BMPs directly to the characteristics of each watershed to reduce current nitrate export.
机译：内布拉斯坎溪流为密西西比人/阿特希非山河流域和墨西哥湾有贡献过量的氮，这导致了主要的水质损伤。减少在这些流中出口的氮气量（N）需要在景观中使用最佳管理实践（BMP）。然而，适当的BMP利用率很少有统计上与流域内的N导出的潜在控制，特别是降水和土壤特性。在这项研究中，有19种分水岭变量（水文，地理学，点来源，土地使用和土壤性质）评估，以确定影响17个内布拉斯加州流域的可变硝酸盐氮（NO3-N）浓度的特征，其中包含已知的高NO3 -N出口汇率。每个特征是从公共可用数据集导出，以开发多舰方法。在评估的19个变量中，鉴定了10个变量（开发，农田，草本，森林，过排出的土壤，降水，碱流量指数，斜坡，有机物和点源），以统计学影响流NO 3-N浓度。使用主成分分析将17个流域分为五个子集组。然后使用10个流域变量的分布来确定每个流子集的NO3-N最适用的BMP：过度排出高基流指数（第1组和第2组），主要排列土地使用具有良好的排水土地，更高降水，以及表面径流问题（第3组），高度发达的流域（第4组）和由废水处理厂排放（第5组）支配的单河的趋势增加（第5组）。基于最具影响力的变量，建议各种BMP，包括矿化水化和No 3-N的N肥料应用管理和核算水（第1组和第2组），安装河岸缓冲区和湿地（第3组），城市BMP等生物植物和渗透性路面（第4组），并升级到废水处理厂（第5组）。本研究提供了一种改进的技术，可通过将BMP直接连接到各种流域的特征来促进流域管理，以降低当前的硝酸盐出口。

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