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首页> 外文期刊>Crystal growth & design >Mimicking the initial development of calcium urolithiasis by screening calcium oxalate and calcium phosphate phases in various urinelike solutions, time points, and pH values at 37 °c
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Mimicking the initial development of calcium urolithiasis by screening calcium oxalate and calcium phosphate phases in various urinelike solutions, time points, and pH values at 37 °c

机译：通过筛选各种尿样溶液中的草酸钙和磷酸钙相，时间点和37°c的pH值来模拟尿路结石的最初发展

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Crystalluria may not always lead to urolithiasis. To understand how crystals of <4 μm size were retained in the beginning for the formation of a clinically symptomatic stone, we had devised a screening experiment of calcium oxalate and phosphate phases systematically in various urinelike solutions at t = 30 s and 30 min and pH = 6, 7, and 8 at 37 °C. Five key lessons were learned: (1) A simple direct association between hypercalciuria and calcium oxalate dihydrate stones in the literature might have only told part of the story until the conditions that produce calcium oxalate dihydrate in vivo are better understood. (2) Magnesium ions could minimize the formation of calcium oxalate dihydrate crystals and induce and stabilize the formation of dicalcium phosphate dihydrate or brushite. (3) A new role of citrate in inhibiting the formation of dicalcium phosphate dihydrate was discovered. (4) The fast-growing amorphous calcium phosphate due to a slight pH imbalance and variation was thought to serve as a "glue" initially to randomly consolidate preformed, platelike 4-10 μm sized calcium oxalate monohydrate and dicalcium phosphate dihydrate crystallites. This initial development of aggregation would become the kernel of the urinary stone. (5) The physiological importance of the calcium phosphate phase rather than calcium oxalate deserves more attention, since dicalcium phosphate dihydrate and amorphous calcium phosphate could easily grow into large clusters of about 50 μm within a short period of time.
机译：结晶尿可能并不总是导致尿石症。为了了解<4μm大小的晶体是如何在形成临床症状性结石的过程中保留下来的，我们设计了在t = 30 s和30 min以及pH值下在各种尿样溶液中系统地筛选草酸钙和磷酸盐相的筛选实验。 =在37°C下为6、7和8。吸取了五个关键的教训：（1）在文献中，高钙尿症和二水草酸钙的简单直接联系可能只是故事的一部分，直到更好地了解了体内产生二水草酸钙的条件。 （2）镁离子可以使草酸钙二水合物晶体的形成减至最少，并诱导并稳定二水合磷酸二钙或透钙磷石的形成。 （3）发现柠檬酸盐抑制磷酸二钙二水合物形成的新作用。 （4）由于轻微的pH失衡和变化而导致的快速增长的无定形磷酸钙被认为是“胶水”，最初是随机地将预制的板状4-10μm尺寸的草酸钙一水合物和磷酸二钙二水合物微晶合并。聚集的最初发展将成为泌尿系统结石的核心。 （5）磷酸钙相而不是草酸钙的生理重要性值得更多的关注，因为磷酸二钙二水合物和无定形磷酸钙可在短时间内容易长成约50μm的大簇。

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