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An ion-exchange approach to the crystal design of barium sulfate in the presence of ionic surfactants

机译：离子表面活性剂存在下硫酸钡晶体设计的离子交换方法

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Chemical reaction occurring between an insoluble solid and a saltwater solution relates to an exchange of ionic components and is therefore referred to as ion-exchange reaction. In this paper, we used the ion-exchange reaction of solid-state barium carbonate (BaCO_3) and aqueous sodium sulfate (Na_2SO_4) for the crystal design of barium sulfate (BaSO_4). This anionic ion-exchange, driven by the solubility discrepancy between BaCO_3 and BaSO_4, was rate-limited chemical transformation owing to the slow release of barium ions, resulting in the unusual BaSO_4 crystallite with the bounded (200), (002), and (210) faces. Therein, cationic surfactant of cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) exerted almost no influence on the morphological control of crystalline products. In a striking contrast to this, the similar cationic surfactant of CTAOH (i.e., cetyltrimethylammonium hydroxide) promoted the crystal growth along the [020] direction. Surprisingly, the addition of anionic sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) enhanced the surface etching phenomenon of BaSO_4 crystals along the [002] direction at 120 °C. The Fajans rule of common-ion adsorption and the layer-like arrangement of pendent surfactant hydrocarbon chains accounted for the formation of BaSO_4 secondary architectures of trigonal bipyramids or nanorods at a relatively high concentration of SDS. In a word, through the rate-controlled chemical reaction assisted by ionic surfactants, we found a successful ion-exchange approach to the crystal design of BaSO_4, suggesting a potential application of solid-state BaCO _3 in the removal of aqueous sulfate ions from industrial wastewaters.
机译：在不溶性固体和盐水之间发生的化学反应与离子成分的交换有关，因此被称为离子交换反应。在本文中，我们将固态碳酸钡（BaCO_3）和硫酸钠水溶液（Na_2SO_4）的离子交换反应用于硫酸钡（BaSO_4）的晶体设计。由于BaCO_3与BaSO_4之间的溶解度差异而导致的这种阴离子交换是速率受限的化学转化，这归因于钡离子的缓慢释放，从而导致了以（200），（002）和（ 210）的面孔。其中，十六烷基三甲基溴化铵（CTAB）的阳离子表面活性剂几乎不影响结晶产物的形态控制。与此形成鲜明对比的是，相似的CTAOH阳离子表面活性剂（即，十六烷基三甲基氢氧化铵）促进了晶体沿[020]方向的生长。令人惊奇的是，在120℃下，添加阴离子十二烷基硫酸钠（SDS）增强了BaSO_4晶体沿[002]方向的表面蚀刻现象。 Fajans规则的离子吸附和悬垂的表面活性剂烃链的层状排列解释了在相对较高的SDS浓度下，三角形双锥或纳米棒的BaSO_4二级结构的形成。总之，通过离子型表面活性剂辅助的速率控制化学反应，我们发现了成功的离子交换方法用于BaSO_4的晶体设计，表明固态BaCO _3在工业废水中去除硫酸根离子的潜在应用废水。

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