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首页> 外文期刊>Acta Palaeontologica Polonica >Rostral reconstruction of South American hippidiform equids: New anatomical and ecomorphological inferences
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Rostral reconstruction of South American hippidiform equids: New anatomical and ecomorphological inferences

机译：南美臀足类动物的鼻部重建：新的解剖学和生态形态学推论

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摘要

The Pleistocene Equus (Amerhippus) and hippidiforms frequently occur together in the South American fossil record, suggesting a possible case of sympatry and syntopy. Although resembling each other in their overall morphology, their rostra show distinct differences. While Equus (Amerhippus) resembles extant horses, hippidiforms are characterised by slender nasal bones, a retracted nasal notch at the level of M2–M3 or posterior to M3, and the presence of dorsal preorbital fossae of variable depth. Here we present an anatomical reconstruction of the muzzle of hippidiforms based on homologous patterns in the extant horse Equus caballus, together with a morphofunctional analysis of their rostra and a comparative analysis of premaxillary shape. The rostral morphology of hippidiforms suggests the presence of a developed upper lip with prehensile function, as occurs in extant black rhinoceros. This prehensile structure could be ecomorphologically related to browsing, thus reducing niche overlap with Equus (Amerhippus), and hence competitive pressure.
机译：在南美的化石记录中，更新世的马（Amerhippus）和嬉皮类动物经常同时出现，这表明可能存在共生和共生的情况。尽管它们的总体形态彼此相似，但它们的rosta显示出明显的差异。马属（Amerhippus）与现存的马很像，而嬉皮类动物的特征是鼻骨细长，在M2–M3或M3的后方有一个缩回的鼻凹口，以及存在深度不一的眶前背窝。在这里，我们根据现存的马马qu的同源模式，对臀甲形的枪口进行解剖学重建，并对其马蹄莲的形态功能分析和上颌前形状进行比较分析。嬉皮形的鸟嘴形表明存在着具有前屈功能的上唇，如在现存的黑犀牛中出现的那样。这种有声有色的结构可能在生态学上与浏览有关，从而减少了与马属（美洲马）的利基重叠，从而降低了竞争压力。

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