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首页> 外文期刊>Alcohol >Outcome-specific Pavlovian-to-instrumental transfer (PIT) with alcohol cues and its extinction
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Outcome-specific Pavlovian-to-instrumental transfer (PIT) with alcohol cues and its extinction

机译：特定于粮食提示及其灭绝的特定于特定的Pavlovian-to-Instrumental转移（坑）

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The acquired motivational impact of conditioned stimuli has been studied using the Pavlovian-to instrumental transfer (PIT) task, where a cue paired with a reward is consistently shown to energize responses separately trained with that same reward ("specific" PIT). However, most alcohol studies have shown that alcohol-related cues elevate responses trained with either the same alcohol reward or with other non-alcoholic rewards ("general" PIT). The effects of extinction on this alcohol PIT effect have not been fully explored. We tested the hypothesis that cues signaling different-tasting alcohols might acquire specific craving reactions for those alcohols leading to specific PIT, but that these effects might be sensitive to extinction. Three experiments examined the specificity of PIT using alcohol and non-alcohol outcomes. Rats first consumed different-flavored alcohol solutions in their home cages. Then they were trained to perform two responses, each reinforced with distinctly flavored solutions, using a Polycose fading procedure. The outcomes were sweet (4% sucrose) or salty (0.9% NaCl) ethanol (10% v/v) solutions (Experiments 1 and 2) or one plain or salty alcohol vs. a non-alcoholic sweet solution (Experiment 3). Then, two cues were each differentially paired with these outcomes. In PIT tests, animals performed both responses in the presence and absence of these cues without any rewards. Experiments 1, 2, and 3 showed that a cue paired with a flavored alcohol produced a small but consistent bias toward the response trained with the same alcohol solution (specific PIT). Experiment 2 showed that extinction eliminated this effect. Experiment 3 demonstrated that specific PIT occurred when contrasting salty, or plain, alcohol to a non-alcoholic solution. These results provide evidence that alcohol-related stimuli can elicit craving for specific types of alcohol (as revealed by specific PIT), but that this effect is sensitive to extinction. This paradigm of contrasting two distinctly flavored alcohols may be an especially useful animal model of alcohol addiction. (C) 2018 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
机译：已经使用Pavlovian-to Instrument（PIT）任务研究了条件刺激的获得的激励影响，其中搭配奖励的提示始终如一地展示，以激励与同样奖励（“特定的”坑）分别培训的响应。然而，大多数酒精研究表明，酒精相关的线索升高了培训的反应，这些反应与其他饮酒奖励或其他非酒精奖励（“一般”坑）。灭绝对这种酒精效果的影响尚未得到充分探索。我们测试了发出不同品尝醇的提示的假设可能会对导致特定坑的醇获得特异性的渴望反应，但这些影响可能对灭绝敏感。三个实验检查了使用酒精和非酒精结果的坑的特异性。大鼠首先在他们的家庭笼子中消耗不同味的酒精溶液。然后，培训它们以进行两次反应，每种反应，每种反应用多胶酶衰落程序使用明显的味道溶液。结果是甜（4％蔗糖）或咸（0.9％NaCl）乙醇（10％v / v）溶液（实验1和2）或一个普通或盐醇与非酒精甜溶液（实验3）。然后，两个线索各自差异地与这些结果配对。在坑试验中，动物在存在和不存在的情况下进行任何反应而没有任何奖励。实验1,2和3显示用调味醇配对的提示朝向用相同醇溶液（特异性坑）培训的响应产生小而一致的偏压。实验2表明消失消除了这种效果。实验3证明了特定坑在对比咸或普通醇对非酒精溶液中发生。这些结果提供了有证据表明酒精相关的刺激可以引起特定类型的酒精（如特定坑所揭示）的渴望，但这种效果对灭绝是敏感的。对比两个明显味的醇的范例可能是含酒精成瘾的特别有用的动物模型。 （c）2018年Elsevier Inc.保留所有权利。

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