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The fabrication and characterization of single-crystalline selenium nanoneedles

机译：单晶硒纳米针的制备与表征

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A solution-phase approach has been demonstrated for large-scale synthesis of selenium nanoneedles with the stem diameter ranging from 100 to 500 nm and lengths up to tens of micrometers, gradually becoming thinner to form a sharp tip, which were fabricated by reduction of Na2SeO3 with poly( vinyl alcohol) (PVA). An interesting feature of the nanoneedles is their tendency to form branches and junctions. The morphology, microstructure, and chemical compositions of the nanoneedles were characterized using various methods (XRD, XSP, FESEM, TEM, and high-resolution TEM), indicating that the nanoneedles were single crystalline with high purity, structurally uniform, and dislocation-free. On the basis of a series of TEM observations, the nucleation and growth process of selenium nanoneedles could be interpreted by a solid-solution-solid process and PVA-assisted formation mechanism: trigonal (t)-selenium sphere-like nanoparticles initially formed due to the incessant dissolution of the sphere-like amorphous ( a)selenium nanoparticles in the current hydrothermal process; then the wire-like nanostructures were gradually created from the t-selenium particles owing to the intrinsically anisotropic structure of t-selenium. The needle-like end shape was attributed to the higher growth rate on the tip than on the stem of wires since PVA can kinetically control the anisotropic growth via selective absorption on different crystalline faces.
机译：已经证明了一种溶液相方法可以大规模合成硒纳米针，其茎直径为100至500 nm，长度可达数十微米，逐渐变细以形成尖锐的尖端，这是通过还原Na2SeO3制成的与聚乙烯醇（PVA）。纳米针的一个有趣特征是它们倾向于形成分支和连接。使用各种方法（XRD，XSP，FESEM，TEM和高分辨率TEM）表征了纳米针的形态，微观结构和化学成分，表明纳米针是单晶，具有高纯度，结构均匀且无位错。 。根据一系列TEM观察，可以通过固溶-固相过程和PVA辅助的形成机理来解释硒纳米针的成核和生长过程：最初形成的三角形（t）-硒球状纳米颗粒是由于在当前的水热过程中，球形无定形（a）硒纳米粒子的不断溶解;然后，由于t-硒的固有各向异性结构，从t-硒颗粒逐渐形成线状纳米结构。由于PVA可以通过选择性吸收不同晶体表面上的动力学来控制各向异性的生长，因此针状末端的形状归因于尖端的生长速率高于线茎的生长速率。

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