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Sonofragmentation: Effect of Ultrasound Frequency and Power on Particle Breakage

机译：声碎片化：超声频率和功率对颗粒破碎的影响

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This paper investigates, for the first time, the breaking mechanism of particles exposed to implosions of stable and transient cavitation bubbles via Kapur function analysis. The effect of ultrasonic frequencies of 30-1140 kHz and powers of 4-200 W on particle breakage of paracetamol crystals was studied. The dominant cavitation bubble type was defined via sonoluminescence measurements. The breakage rate of seed crystals with a median size of 75 mu m was found to be independent of the applied power when ultrasonically generated stable cavitation bubbles were generated. Furthermore, a particle size threshold of ca. 35 mu m was observed. The particle size could not be reduced below this size regardless of the applied power or frequency. For transient bubbles, in contrast, higher powers lead to considerably smaller particles, with no threshold size within the investigated power range. The Kapur function analysis suggests that stable bubbles are more efficient than transient bubbles to break coarse particles with sizes above 40 mu m . Finally, cumulative breakage functions were calculated, and it was observed that transient bubbles generate more abrasion than stable bubbles.
机译：本文首次通过Kapur函数分析研究了暴露于稳定和瞬时气蚀气泡内爆的颗粒的破碎机理。研究了30-1140 kHz的超声频率和4-200 W的功率对对乙酰氨基酚晶体颗粒破碎的影响。主要的空化气泡类型是通过声致发光测量确定的。发现当产生超声产生的稳定的空化气泡时，中值尺寸为75μm的籽晶的破裂速率与施加的功率无关。此外，粒度阈值约为1。观察到35μm。不管施加的功率或频率如何，均不能将粒径减小到该尺寸以下。相比之下，对于瞬态气泡，更高的功率会导致粒子更小，在研究的功率范围内没有阈值大小。卡普尔函数分析表明，稳定的气泡比瞬态气泡更有效地破碎大于40微米的粗颗粒。最后，计算了累积破坏函数，并且观察到瞬时气泡比稳定气泡产生更多的磨损。

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