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From macrofluidics to microfluidics for the crystallization of biological macromolecules

机译：从大流体到微流体，用于生物大分子的结晶

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摘要

This review presents the goals and principles of microfluidic technologies applied to the crystallization of biological macromolecules. A comparison of the devices that are available commercially or described in the literature summarizes the current state-of-the-art. in microfluidics. A novel chip based on the counter-diffusion of solute molecules playing the role of crystallization agents is described. Inside the microfluidic channels composing the chip mass transport essentially occurs by diffusion. The chip is made of a rigid polymer that is impermeable to gases and compatible with crystal examination and monitoring in polarized light. The selected material is also transparent to X-rays, and three-dimensional protein structures can be determined from crystals contained inside this device using X-ray diffraction data collected on a synchrotron source. The outstanding quality of the electron-density maps demonstrates that on-chip crystal analysis is feasible: The replacement of conventional crystallization setups by inexpensive microfluidic chips for screening best crystallization agents and automated crystal diffraction analysis is discussed.
机译：这篇综述介绍了应用于生物大分子结晶微流控技术的目标和原理。对可商购的或文献中描述的设备的比较总结了当前的最新技术水平。在微流体中。描述了一种基于溶质分子反扩散的新型芯片，该溶质分子起着结晶剂的作用。在组成芯片的微流体通道内部，基本上是通过扩散发生的。该芯片由不透气体的硬质聚合物制成，可与偏振光中的晶体检查和监测兼容。选定的材料对X射线也是透明的，并且可以使用在同步加速器源上收集的X射线衍射数据从该设备内部包含的晶体确定三维蛋白质结构。电子密度图的出色质量表明，片上晶体分析是可行的：讨论了用廉价的微流控芯片替代常规的结晶装置，以筛选最佳的结晶剂并进行自动晶体衍射分析。

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