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100th Anniversary of Macromolecular Science Viewpoint: Single-Molecule Studies of Synthetic Polymers

机译:大分子科学观点100周年:合成聚合物的单分子研究

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摘要

Single polymer studies have revealed unexpected and heterogeneous dynamics among identical or seemingly similar macromolecules. In recent years, direct observation of single polymers has uncovered broad distributions in molecular behavior that play a key role in determining bulk properties. Early single polymer experiments focused primarily on biological macromolecules such as DNA, but recent advances in synthesis, imaging, and force spectroscopy have enabled broad exploration of chemically diverse polymer systems. In this Viewpoint, we discuss the recent study of synthetic polymers using single-molecule methods. In terms of polymer synthesis, direct observation of single chain polymerization has revealed heterogeneity in monomer insertion events at catalytic centers and decoupling of local and global growth kinetics. In terms of single polymer visualization, recent advances in super-resolution imaging, atomic force microscopy (AFM), and liquid-cell transmission electron microscopy (LC-TEM) can resolve structure and dynamics in single synthetic chains. Moreover, single synthetic polymers can be probed in the context of bulk material environments, including hydrogels, nanostructured polymers, and crystalline polymers. In each area, we highlight key challenges and exciting opportunities in using single polymer techniques to enhance our understanding of polymer science. Overall, the expanding versatility of single polymer methods will enable the molecular-scale design and fundamental understanding of a broad range of chemically diverse and functional polymeric materials.
机译:单一聚合物研究揭示了相同或看似类似的大分子之间的意外和异质动态。近年来,直接观察单一聚合物在分子行为中发现了广泛的分布,其在确定堆积性质中起关键作用。早期的单一聚合物实验主要侧重于DNA等生物大分子,而是近期合成,成像和力光谱的进展使得能够广泛地探索化学多样化的聚合物系统。在这种观点来看,我们讨论了使用单分子方法对合成聚合物的最近的研究。就聚合物合成而言,单链聚合的直接观察揭示了催化中心的单体插入事件中的异质性,以及局部和全球生长动力学的去耦。就单聚合物可视化而言,超分辨率成像,原子力显微镜(AFM)和液体细胞透射电子显微镜(LC-TEM)的最新进展可以在单个合成链中解析结构和动力学。此外,单个合成聚合物可以在散装物质环境的背景下探测,包括水凝胶,纳米结构聚合物和结晶聚合物。在每个领域,我们突出了使用单一聚合物技术来增强我们对聚合物科学的理解的关键挑战和令人兴奋的机会。总的来说,单一聚合物方法的扩大多功能性将使分子级设计和对广泛的化学多样化和功能性聚合物材料的基本理解。

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  • 来源
    《ACS Macro Letters》 |2020年第9期|共10页
  • 作者单位

    Stanford Univ Dept Chem Engn Stanford CA 94305 USA;

    Univ Illinois Dept Mat Sci &

    Engn Dept Chem &

    Biomol Engn Beckman Inst Adv Sci &

    Technol Urbana IL 61801 USA;

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  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类 有机化学;
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