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Prepulse inhibition of the acoustic startle reflex and P50 gating in aging and alzheimer's disease

机译：衰老和阿尔茨海默病中声学惊吓反射和P50门控的预筛

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摘要

Inhibition plays a crucial role in many functional domains, such as cognition, emotion, and actions. Studies on cognitive aging demonstrate changes in inhibitory mechanisms are age- and pathology-related. Prepulse inhibition (PPI) is the suppression of an acoustic startle reflex (ASR) to an intense stimulus when a weak prepulse stimulus precedes the startle stimulus. A reduction of PPI is thought to reflect dysfunction of sensorimotor gating which normally suppresses excessive behavioral responses to disruptive stimuli. Both human and rodent studies show age-dependent alterations of PPI of the ASR that are further compromised in Alzheimer's disease (AD). The auditory P50 gating, an index of repetition suppression, also is characterized as a putative electrophysiological biomarker of prodromal AD. This review provides the latest evidence of age- and AD-associated impairment of sensorimotor gating based upon both human and rodent studies, as well as the AD-related disruption of P50 gating in humans. It begins with a concise review of neural networks underlying PPI regulation. Then, evidence of age- and AD-related dysfunction of both PPI and P50 gating is discussed. The attentional/ emotional aspects of sensorimotor gating and the neurotransmitter mechanisms underpinning PPI and P50 gating are also reviewed. The review ends with conclusions and research directions.
机译：抑制在许多功能域中起着至关重要的作用，例如认知，情感和行动。认知老龄化的研究表明抑制机制的变化是年龄和病理学相关的。当弱的预布刺激刺激之前，预脉冲抑制（PPI）是抑制声射击反射（ASR）的强烈刺激。认为PPI的减少反映了感觉电池门控功能障​​碍，该传感器门控通常抑制对破坏性刺激的过度行为响应。人类和啮齿动物的研究既显示出在阿尔茨海默病（AD）中进一步损害的ASR的PPI的年龄依赖性改变。听觉P50门控，重复抑制指数，还表征为前一种推定的电生理学生物标志物。本综述提供了基于人类和啮齿动物研究的传感器门控的年龄和广告相关损害的最新证据，以及人类P50浇注的广告相关中断。它始于对PPI规则底层神经网络的简明审查。然后，讨论了PPI和P50门控的年龄和AD相关功能障碍的证据。还回顾了感觉电机门控的注意力/情感方面和基于PPI和P50门控的神经递质机制。评论以结论和研究方向为止。

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