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首页> 外文期刊>Agricultural Systems >Industrial agriculture and agroecological transition systems: A comparative analysis of productivity results, organic matter and glyphosate in soil
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Industrial agriculture and agroecological transition systems: A comparative analysis of productivity results, organic matter and glyphosate in soil

机译：工业农业和农业转型系统：土壤中生产率，有机物和草甘膦的比较分析

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摘要

The system of industrial agriculture (IA), often implemented on a large scale and with high dependence on the supplies use, is reducing the soil organic matter (SOM) and increasing the glyphosate presence in the environment. An alternative approach to IA is agroecologywhich takes greater advantage of natural processes and beneficial on-farm interactions in order to reduce off-farm input use and to improve the efficiency of farming systems. In this study, a transition agroecological system (AT) is the alternative of the IA. Our objectives were: (i) to compare the agronomic productivity between AT and IA systems, (ii) to determine the effect of management practices on soil quality indicators such as soil organic matter content (SOM), soil bulk density, change in the weighted mean diameter (CMWD) and glyphosate and aminomethyl phosphonic acid (AMPA) concentration and (iii) to compare the economic results through a multi-temporal economic analysis between AT and IA systems. The soil sampling was carried out per soil-specific zones, delimited from apparent soil electrical conductivity (ECa) and elevation. Samples were taken at 0 to 2, 2 to 5, 5 to 10, 10 to 20, 20 to 30 and 30 to 40 cm of depth to determine the SOM content, the glyphosate concentration and main glyphosate metabolite, AMPA. Besides, the bulk density (delta(a)) and CWMD were determined. The delta(a) was lower in AT with respect to IA, both under no tillage (NT). No significant differences were found for CWMD between AT and IA systems, although a tendency to a lower value in AT system was observed. If we consider the percentage of organic matter as carbon matter per hectare, this means that in 6.5 years increase 540 kg ha(-1) at 0 to 40 cm depth. The SOM content increased from 4,9 to 5,6% in AT with respect to IA. The content of glyphosate + AMPA at the first 40 cm was 0.06 kg ha(-1) in the AT and 0.84 kg ha(-1) in the IA system. In the AT system, the gross margin accumulated during 6.5 years, increased 244% with respect to IA. These results suggest that the AT system proposed could be applicable in extensive productions with temperate climates without interfering with the livelihood of the agricultural producers and it allows an improvement in soil conditions. It is important to carry out further studies in order to confirm the benefits of the AT system in other edaphic-climatic conditions, integrating productive, economic and environmental aspects.
机译：工业农业（IA）系统，通常在大规模和高依赖性对供应使用的情况下实施，正在降低土壤有机物（SOM）并增加环境中的草甘膦存在。 IA的替代方法是农业学，自然过程的利益提高，有利于农场互动，以减少农业投入使用，提高农业系统的效率。在这项研究中，过渡生成生态系统（AT）是IA的替代方案。我们的目标是：（i）比较A和IA系统之间的农艺生产力，（ii）以确定管理实践对土壤有机质含量（Som），土壤堆积密度，加重变化等土壤质量指标的影响平均直径（CMWD）和草甘膦和氨基甲基膦酸（AMPA）浓度和（iii）通过在和IA系统之间的多时间经济分析来比较经济结果。土壤采样是每种土壤特异性区域进行，从表观土导率（ECA）和升降中界定。将样品在0至2,2至5,5至10,10至20,20至30和30至40℃至40℃下进行深度，以确定SOM含量，草甘膦浓度和主要草甘膦代谢物，AMPA。此外，确定堆积密度（δ（a））和cwmd。 δ（a）相对于Ia较低，无论是在没有耕作（NT）的情况下。在和IA系统之间没有发现CWMD的显着差异，尽管观察到系统的较低值趋势。如果我们认为每公顷的有机质的百分比作为碳物质，这意味着在6.5岁处增加540千克（-1），深度为0至40厘米。对于IA，SOM含量从4,9％增加到5,6％。在IA系统中，前40cm的草甘膦+ ampa的含量为0.06kg ha（-1），在IA系统中为0.84kg ha（-1）。在AT系统中，6.5岁累积的毛利率相对于IA增加了244％。这些结果表明，建议的AT系统可以适用于温带气候的广泛制作，而不会干扰农业生产者的生计，并且允许改善土壤条件。重要的是要进行进一步的研究，以便在其他展望气候条件下确认对系统的益处，整合生产力，经济和环境方面。

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