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Manuresheds: Advancing nutrient recycling in US agriculture

机译：浮肿：推进美国农业的营养回收

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Nutrient recycling is fundamental to sustainable agricultural systems, but few mechanisms exist to ensure that surplus manure nutrients from animal feeding operations are transported for use on nutrient-deficient croplands. As a result, manure nutrients concentrate in locations where they can threaten environmental health and devalue manure as a fertilizer resource. This study advances the concept of the "manureshed" - the lands surrounding animal feeding operations onto which manure nutrients can be redistributed to meet environmental, production, and economic goals. Manuresheds can be managed at multiple scales, for example, on farms with both animals and crops, among animal farms and crop farms within a county, or even among animal farms and crop farms in distant counties. With a focus on redistribution among counties, we classified the 3109 counties of the contiguous United States by their capacity to either supply manure phosphorus (P) and nitrogen (N) from confined livestock production ("sources") or to assimilate and remove excess P and N via crops ("sinks"). Manure nutrient source counties were identified in 40 of the 48 states, with a substantial concentration in the southern US. Source counties for manure P greatly outnumbered source counties for manure N (390 vs. 100), and 99 of the 100 manure N source counties were also source counties for manure P. Conversely, sink counties for manure N outnumbered sink counties for manure P (2766 vs. 2317). We used the P balances of the source and sink counties to delineate four manuresheds dominated by various combinations of confined hog, poultry, dairy, and beef industries. The four manuresheds differed in the transport distances needed to assimilate excess manure P from their respective source areas (from 147 +/- 51 km for a beef dominated manureshed to 368 +/- 140 km for a poultry dominated manureshed), highlighting the need for systems-level strategies to promote manure nutrient recycling that operate across local, county, regional, and national scales.
机译：营养回收是可持续农业系统的基础，但存在很少的机制，以确保从动物饲养行动的剩余粪便营养被运输用于营养缺陷的农作物。结果，粪便营养素浓缩在他们可以威胁环境健康和贬值作为肥料资源的地方。本研究推进了“粪便”的概念 - 围绕动物饲养行动的土地可以重新分配粪便营养，以满足环境，生产和经济目标。妥协可以在多种尺度管理，例如，在县内的动物农场和农作物农场，甚至在遥远的县的动物农场和农作物中，甚至是动物农场和农作物的农场。凭借县之间的再分配，我们通过狭窄的牲畜生产（“来源”）或吸收和去除多余的P.和通过作物（“水槽”）。在48个州的40个州中确定了粪肥营养源县，在美国南部具有大量集中。粪便P的源县的粪便N（390与100）的极大源县，100个粪便N源县的99个也是粪便P的源头县。相反，粪便N offormure n offormure n of anure p的汇总县（ 2766 vs.2317）。我们利用源头和汇县的P余额来描绘四个粪便，由狭窄的猪，家禽，乳制品和牛肉行业的各种组合为主。四个粪便不同的运输距离所需的距离来自各自的来源区域（从147 +/- 51公里为牛肉到368 + -140公里到368 + 140公里，为家禽主宰的粪便），突出了需要促进植物营养回收的系统级策略，在当地，县，区域和国家规模运营的粪便营养回收。

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