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Water productivity in soybean following a cover crop in a humid environment

机译：在潮湿环境中覆盖作物后大豆水生产率

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摘要

We evaluated the influence of the termination dates of a winter cover crop on (i) soil water availability during soybean (Glycine max L. (Merr)) growing season, (ii) soybean evapotranspiration (ET) and iii) water productivity in soybean (WP = Grain yield/ET) in a humid environment (i.e., 50 % of years with annual rainfall >= 900 mm). Experiments were carried out at Balcarce, Argentina during two growing seasons. Treatments included (i) soybean monoculture, (ii) soybean following a cover crop with an early termination date, and (iii) soybean following a cover crop with a delayed termination date (similar to 25 days later than the early one). Oat (Avena sativa L.) was used as a cover crop. Soil water content was measured with a neutron probe from cover crop sowing to soybean physiological maturity, and soybean ET was calculated by means of a soil water balance. Cover crop shoot biomass was determined immediately before termination dates and soybean grain yield was quantified at physiological maturity. Cover crops reduced soil available water (SAW) at cover crops termination date from 18 to 23mm at early and delayed termination dates, respectively; and reductions were mostly evident in the upper 40 cm of the soil profile. Termination delays of around 25 days increased 60 % cover crops shoot biomass production, and promoted larger SAW reductions at termination date. However, cover crops had little impact on SAW during soybean growing season and they did not influence soybean grain yield. Moreover, our findings evidenced that in this humid environment (i) soybean ET was reduced between 12 and 17mm following a cover crop, (ii) larger soybean ET reductions were associated with larger cover crops shoot biomass production, and (iii) WP in soybean was slightly improved (4-10%) by the inclusion of a cover crop.
机译：我们评估了冬季覆盖作物终止日期对大豆（甘氨酸Max L.（Merr））生长季节，（ii）大豆蒸散（ET）和III）水生产率在大豆（ WP =谷物产量/ et）在潮湿的环境中（即每年降雨量的50％> = 900 mm）。在两个生长的季节，阿根廷的Balcarce进行了实验。包含（i）大豆单一培养，（ii）大豆在封面作物之后，早期终止日期，（iii）大豆在封面作物之后，延迟终止日期（类似于早期的25天）。燕麦（Avena Sativa L.）用作覆盖作物。用播种到大豆生理成熟度的覆盖作物测量土壤含水量，通过土壤水分平衡计算大豆等。在终止日期之前立即测定覆盖作物芽生物质，并且在生理成熟时定量大豆产量。封面庄稼在早期和延迟终止日期分别从18至23毫米降低土壤可用水（锯），分别从18至23mm终止日期;在土壤剖面的较高40厘米的较高40厘米中，减少似乎是显而易见的。终止延误约为25天提高60％覆盖作物拍摄生物质生产，并在终止日期促进了更大的锯切。然而，在大豆生长季节期间，覆盖作物对锯几乎没有影响，并且它们没有影响大豆产量。此外，我们的研究结果证明，在这种潮湿的环境中，大豆Et在覆盖作物后12至17mm介于12至17mm之间，（ii）较大的大豆Et减少与大豆较大的覆盖作物拍摄生物质生产相关，（III）WP相关通过包含覆盖作物，略有改善（4-10％）。

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