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首页> 外文期刊>Agricultural Water Management >Ecological risk assessment of heavy metals in vegetables irrigated with groundwater and wastewater: The particular case of Sahiwal district in Pakistan
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Ecological risk assessment of heavy metals in vegetables irrigated with groundwater and wastewater: The particular case of Sahiwal district in Pakistan

机译：地下水和废水灌溉蔬菜中重金属的生态风险评估：巴基斯坦Sahiwal区的特定情况

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摘要

The use of wastewater for irrigation is a common practice in the developing world. It is a major route of heavy metal contamination in vegetables. The groundwater, an alternative source for irrigation, is under threat of heavy metal contamination due to long-term use of wastewater. The present study investigated heavy metals contamination from irrigation with wastewater compared to groundwater in District Sahiwal situated in the vicinity of Lahore, Pakistan. Irrigated water, soil and vegetables were analyzed for Iron, Nickel, Lead, copper, Cadmium, Manganese and Zinc; Metal transfer factor (MTF); daily intake of metals (DIM) and health risk index (HRI) were calculated. Manganese (Mn) and Cd in wastewater irrigated soil, Pb, Cd, Mn and Fe in wastewater-irrigated vegetables and Pb, Mn and Fe in groundwater-irrigated vegetables exceeded the permissible limits (WHO, 1996), particularly in Mustard and Spinach. Generally, MTF was higher in wastewater than groundwater-irrigated vegetables, particularly with Fe followed by Ni. HRI was higher for wastewater-irrigated than groundwater-irrigated vegetables. Wastewater-irrigated Mustard and Spinach showed a HRI > 1 only for Mn. Quality control mechanisms need to be applied for long-term use of groundwater. Also, treatment of wastewater prior to application to plants must be considered to save crops from contamination.
机译：使用废水进行灌溉是发展中国家的常见做法。它是蔬菜中重金属污染的主要途径。由于长期使用废水，地下水是灌溉的替代来源，受重金属污染的威胁。目前的研究将重金属污染从废水中的灌溉灌溉，而在巴基斯坦拉合尔海湾地区的地下水中。分析灌溉水，土壤和蔬菜，用于铁，镍，铅，铜，镉，锰和锌;金属转移因子（MTF）;计算每日摄入金属（DIM）和健康风险指数（HRI）。废水灌溉蔬菜中废水灌溉土壤，Pb，Cd，Mn和Fe中的锰（Mn）和Cd，地下水灌溉蔬菜中的Mn和Fe中的Mn和Fe超过了允许的限制（世卫组织，1996年），特别是在芥末和菠菜中。通常，废水中的MTF比地下水灌溉蔬菜更高，特别是用Fe随后是Ni。对于废水灌溉而不是地下水灌溉蔬菜，HRI更高。废水灌溉的芥末和菠菜仅适用于Mn的HRI> 1。需要施加质量控制机制，以便长期使用地下水。此外，必须考虑在植物施用之前处理废水，以拯救污染物。

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