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首页> 外文期刊>Agricultural Water Management >Water productivity, energy and economic analysis of transplanting methods with different irrigation regimes in Basmati rice (Oryza sativa L.) under north-western India
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Water productivity, energy and economic analysis of transplanting methods with different irrigation regimes in Basmati rice (Oryza sativa L.) under north-western India

机译：印度西北部（Oryza Sativa L.）不同灌溉制度的流水生产率，能量和经济分析

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Water and energy optimization are needed for sustainable production of scented rice. The present study was, conducted to investigate the effect of transplanting methods and irrigation schedules on water productivity and energy use in this production system. The experiment was laid out in split plot design with three methods of planting (Mechanical planting with 4 passes of puddling, mechanical planting with 2 passes of puddling and manual planting with 4 passes of puddling) in the main plots and combinations of two initial ponding durations (7 and 14 days) and four subsequent irrigation schedules (2, 3, 4, and 5 days after disappearance of ponded water) in sub-plots. The methods of transplanting with different levels of puddling did not exhibit any significant effect on grain yield and quality. However, mechanically and manually transplanted crop with 4 passes of puddling resulted in saving of 11.9 and 11.5 cm irrigation water with 6.7 and 3.3% higher apparent water productivity than mechanically transplanted crop with 2 passes of puddling, respectively. The energy productivity was higher in mechanically transplanted crop with 2 passes of puddling than in same system or the system of hand transplanting with 4 passes of puddling. Two weeks initial ponding after transplanting resulted in 15.9% higher grain yield with significantly superior brown and milled rice recoveries than one week of initial ponding. The energy input, energy productivity and net return of 2 weeks ponding were 9.6, 5.7 and 20.9% higher than one week ponding, respectively. Applying subsequent irrigation at 2 and 3 days after disappearance of ponded water resulted in 12.9 & 24.6, and 8.4 & 19.6% higher grain yield as compared to irrigation at 4 and 5 days after disappearance of ponded water, respectively. Irrigation at 2 days after disappearance of ponded water resulted in the highest water application (166.6 cm), which was 22.8, 31.0 and 46.3% higher than 3, 4 and 5 days after disappearance of ponded water, respectively. Apparent crop water productivity, energy use efficiency and energy productivity was higher under irrigation at 3 days after disappearance of ponded water while net returns and benefit:cost ratio (B:C) was higher under irrigation at 2 days after disappearance of ponded water. Thus, basmati rice can be transplanted either mechanically or manually with 4 passes of puddling for water saving. There must be 2 weeks initial ponding with subsequent irrigation application at 3 days after disappearance of ponded water to realize maximum productivity with quality grains. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
机译：可持续生产稻米需要水和能量优化。进行了本研究，探讨了移栽方法和灌溉时间表对该生产系统中水生产率和能源使用的影响。该实验在分裂绘图设计中，采用三种种植方法（用4次卧铺，机械种植，机械种植，用2次通过伙伴种植，用4次Puddling的手工种植）在主图中以及两个初始池塘的组合中（7和14天）和在子地块中的四个随后的灌溉时间表（2,3,4和5天）在子地块中。用不同水平的豆章移植方法对籽粒产量和质量不同没有任何显着影响。然而，用4次泥浆机械和手动移植的作物，导致7.9％和11.5cm的灌溉水，比有效的水生产率高出6.7％和3.3％，而不是机械移植的作物，分别具有2次挤渣。能量生产率在机械移植的作物中高于2次挤压的作物，而不是在相同的系统中或手工移植系统，用4次挤渣进行。移植后的两周初始涂布导致谷物产量高出15.9％，棕色和碾磨米饭的初始初始追加一周明显优越。 2周Ponding的能源投入，能源生产率和净返回分别为9.6,5.7和20.9％，分别高于一周的池塘。在池塘水消失后2和3天应用后续灌溉导致12.9＆amp; 24.6和8.4＆amp;与池塘水消失后4和5天的灌溉相比，谷物产量增加19.6％。在池塘水消失后2天灌溉，导致最高的水施用（166.6厘米），分别为22.8,31.0至46.3％，分别高于池塘水消失后的3,4和5天。在净返回和净返回和益处后3天，在池水消失后3天，灌溉能量利用效率和能源生产率较高，净恢复和益处：在池塘水消失后2天灌溉成本比（B：C）较高。因此，Basmati米可以用4次水泥用于节水，可以机械地或手动移植。在池塘水消失后3天内，必须有2周初始挖掘，随后的灌溉施用，以实现质量谷物的最大生产率。 （c）2015 Elsevier B.v.保留所有权利。

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