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首页> 外文期刊>Agricultural Water Management >Mitigating negative effects of long-term treated wastewater application via soil and irrigation manipulations: Sap flow and water relations of avocado trees (Persea americana Mill.)
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Mitigating negative effects of long-term treated wastewater application via soil and irrigation manipulations: Sap flow and water relations of avocado trees (Persea americana Mill.)

机译：减轻通过土壤和灌溉操纵的长期处理废水应用的负面影响：鳄梨树的SAP流量和水关系（Persea Americana Mill。）

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Recent studies have shown significant negative effects of long-term irrigation with treated wastewater (TWW) on performance of orchards planted on clay soil. The aim of this study was to evaluate water use and water relations of different mitigation measures to remedy the declining performance of a mature commercial fruit-bearing 'Hass' avocado orchard (Persea americana Mill.) growing in a clay soil irrigated with TWW since 2009. The mitigation measures, each in 6 replicates, included freshwater (FW), blended TWW:FW in a 1:1 ratio (MIX), low-frequency TWW irrigation (LFI), TWW irrigated tuff trenches (TUF) and TWW as the control treatment. The Penman-Monteith equation was used to determine reference evapotranspiration (mm day(-1)) and canopy conductance (mm s(-1)). A variety of climatic variables and tree physiological responses were monitored on continuous and seasonal bases. Measurements included sap flow (mm day(-1)), carbon isotope discrimination (delta C-13), and trunk growth (cm). Whole plant hydraulic conductance (mm s(-1) MPa-1) was estimated using the water potential gradient and sap flow. In summer when water use was highest sap flow values measured in 10 trees per treatment in FW, TUF and MIX were higher than TWW by up to 31 %, 26 %, and 24 %, respectively (p < 0.05). Treatment ranking based on sap flow (F), canopy conductance (gc), and whole plant hydraulic conductance (Kp) was FW > TUF > MIX > LFI > TWW. delta C-13 rankings were the same from low to high values, but with MIX > TUF. Most of the physiological parameters determined using different techniques have synergistically shown that using tuff trenches and mixing poor quality water (TWW) with fresh water are promising mitigating measures. Monitoring and evaluation should continue to determine if the alternatives contribute to sustainable yield increases in orchards on long-term bases.
机译：最近的研究表明，长期灌溉与经过治疗的废水（TWW）对果园种植在粘土土壤上的性能的显着负面影响。本研究的目的是评估不同减缓措施的水量和水关系，以解决成熟的商用果实的牛油果园（Persea Americana Mill）的下降性能。自2009年以来，在TWW灌溉的粘土土壤中生长在灌溉的土壤中生长。每个6种重复的缓解措施包括淡水（FW），混合TWW：FW为1：1的比率（混合），低频TWW灌溉（LFI），TWW灌溉凝灰岩沟（TUF）和TWW为TWW控制治疗。 Penman-Monteith方程用于确定参考蒸散（MM天（-1））和冠层电导（MM S（-1））。在连续和季节性基础上监测各种气候变量和树生理反应。测量包括SAP流（MM天（-1）），碳同位素辨别（Delta C-13）和躯干生长（cm）。使用水势梯度和SAP流程估算全植物液压传导（MM S（-1）MPa-1）。在夏季，当水的使用是在FW的每次治疗中以10棵树测量的最高SAP流量值，TUF和混合物分别高达31％，26％和24％（P <0.05）。基于SAP流（F），冠层电导（GC）和全植物液压传导（KP）的处理排序是FW> TUF>混合物> LFI> TWW。从低到高值的Delta C-13排名与Mix> Tuf的相同。使用不同技术确定的大多数生理参数已经协同显示，使用凝灰岩沟槽并将劣质水（TWW）与淡水混合较低，是有前途的减轻措施。监测和评估应继续确定替代方案是否有助于在长期基地上促进果园的可持续产量。

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