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首页> 外文期刊>Annals of anatomy =: Anatomischer Anzeiger : official organ of the Anatomische Gesellschaft >The hypaxial origin of the epaxially located rhomboid muscles
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The hypaxial origin of the epaxially located rhomboid muscles

机译：撇表位定位的菱形肌肉的缺点

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Abstract In vertebrates, skeletal muscles of the body are made up of epaxial and hypaxial muscles based on their innervation and relative position to the vertebral column. The epaxial muscles are innervated by the dorsal branches of the spinal nerves and comprise the intrinsic (deep) back muscles, while the hypaxial muscles are innervated by the ventral branches of the spinal nerves including the plexus and consist of a heterogeneous group of intercostal, abdominal, and limb as well as girdle muscles. The canonical view holds that the epaxial muscles are derived from the medial halves of the somites, whereas the hypaxial muscles are all derived from the lateral somitic halves. The rhomboid muscles are situated dorsal to the vertebral column and therefore in the domain typically occupied by epaxial muscles. However, they are innervated by a ventral branch of the brachial plexus called the N. dorsalis scapulae. Due to the apparent inappropriate position of the muscle in relation to its innervation we investigated its origin to help clarify this issue. To study the embryonic origin of the rhomboid muscles, we followed derivatives of the medial and lateral somite halves using quail-chick chimeras. Our results showed that the rhomboid muscles are made up of cells derived mainly from the lateral portion of the somite. Therefore the rhomboid muscles which lie within the epaxial domain of the body, originate from the hypaxial domain of the somites. However their connective tissue is derived from both medial and lateral somites. ]]>
机译：摘要在脊椎动物中，基于它们的支配和相对位置到椎体柱的骨骼肌的骨骼肌由偶向和缺口肌肉组成。矩形肌肉被脊柱神经的背部分支，并包含内在（深）背部肌肉，而脊柱神经的腹部腹部存在缺口肌肉，包括丛，并且由非均相的肋系统组成，腹部和肢体和腰带肌肉。规范视图占据扭肌源自躯体的内侧，而缺口肌肉均来自横向半部半部。菱形肌肉位于椎体柱的背侧，因此在通常由涡肌占据的域中。然而，它们被称为N. Dorsalis肩胛骨的腹部腹侧的腹侧分支。由于肌肉的明显不恰当位置与其关头相关，我们调查了它的起源，以帮助澄清这个问题。为了研究菱形肌肉的胚胎起源，我们采用鹌鹑嵌合嵌合体遵循内侧和横向肌肉一半的衍生物。我们的研究结果表明，菱形肌肉由主要来自SOMITE的侧部衍生的细胞组成。因此，位于身体的偶像结构域内的菱形肌肉，源自刍议的缺点。然而，它们的结缔组织来自内侧和侧向节点。 ]]>

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