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Development and application of a comprehensive analytical workflow for the quantification of non-volatile low molecular weight lipids on archaeological stone tools

机译：综合分析工作流程的综合分析工作流程对考古石工具非挥发性低分子量脂质的综合分析工作流程

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Source determination of use-related residues on prehistoric stone tools is especially challenging, due to issues related to preservation, contamination and the contribution of residues from multiple sources. To increase confidence in this process, an analytical workflow was developed to include: (1) a sampling strategy that retains spatial information of the recovered residues and enables monitoring of environmental contamination; and (2) a sensitive and selective gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (GC-MS/MS) procedure to quantify non-volatile low molecular weight lipids on stone artefacts. This workflow was applied to 14 stone artefacts excavated from deposits at Liang Bua, a limestone cave on the Indonesian island of Flores. These artefacts range in age between similar to 14 000 and 1000 years old, and were preliminarily classified as either potentially showing traces of use (n = 7) or not (n = 7) using low magnification microscopy. Residues were sampled by direct solvent extraction off the surface of the artefacts. The aliquots were spiked with internal standards and derivatised. The trimethylsilyl derivatives of 40 saturated fatty acids, sterols, di-and tri-terpenoids and their analogues were quantified using optimised multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) transitions. Six of the potentially used artefacts contained sterols, phytosterols and terpenoids, either individually or in combination, whereas none of these compounds was commonly found on the seven artefacts preliminarily classified as unused. This suggests that these six artefacts may have been used as implements to process resources, and provides scope for further investigation. This workflow can also be adapted for the analysis of other archaeological objects.
机译：由于与保存，污染和来自多种来源残留物的贡献有关的问题，史前石工具上使用相关残留物的源相关残留物特别具有挑战性。为了提高对该过程的信心，开发了分析工作流程，包括：（1）一种保留回收的残留物的空间信息并实现环境污染的采样策略; （2）一种敏感和选择性气相色谱 - 串联质谱（GC-MS / MS）方法，用于量化在石材人工制品上的非挥发性低分子量脂质。这种工作流程应用于14个石头艺术品，从梁福岛的沉积物挖掘出来，是印度尼西亚岛的石灰石洞穴的石灰石洞穴。这些人工制品之间的年龄与14 000和1000岁之间的年龄相似，并且预先分类为使用低放大镜显微镜的潜在显示使用痕量（n = 7）（n = 7）。通过直接溶剂萃取废物表面来取样残留物。将等分试样掺入内标和衍生物。使用优化的多反应监测（MRM）过渡量定量了40个饱和脂肪酸，甾醇，二萜和三萜类化合物及其类似物的三甲基甲硅烷基衍生物。其中六个潜在使用的人工制品含有单独或组合的甾醇，植物甾醇和三萜类化合物，而这些化合物常见于初步分类为未救助的七个人工皂。这表明这六个人工制品可能已被用作处理资源的工具，并提供进一步调查的范围。该工作流还可以适用于分析其他考古对象。

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  • 来源
    《Analytical methods》 |2017年第30期|共14页
  • 作者

    Luong Susan; Hayes Elspeth; Flannery Emma; Sutikna Thomas; Tocheri Matthew W.; Saptomo E. Wahyu; Jatmiko; Roberts Richard G.;

  • 作者单位

    Univ Wollongong Sch Earth &

    Environm Sci Ctr Archaeol Sci Wollongong NSW 2522 Australia;

    Univ Wollongong Sch Earth &

    Environm Sci Ctr Archaeol Sci Wollongong NSW 2522 Australia;

    Univ Wollongong Sch Earth &

    Environm Sci Ctr Archaeol Sci Wollongong NSW 2522 Australia;

    Univ Wollongong Sch Earth &

    Environm Sci Ctr Archaeol Sci Wollongong NSW 2522 Australia;

    Lakehead Univ Dept Anthropol Thunder Bay ON P7B 5E1 Canada;

    Univ Wollongong Sch Earth &

    Environm Sci Ctr Archaeol Sci Wollongong NSW 2522 Australia;

    Univ Wollongong Sch Earth &

    Environm Sci Ctr Archaeol Sci Wollongong NSW 2522 Australia;

    Univ Wollongong Sch Earth &

    Environm Sci Ctr Archaeol Sci Wollongong NSW 2522 Australia;

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  • 中图分类 分析化学;
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