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首页> 外文期刊>Annals of the Entomological Society of America >Challenging the Spodoptera exigua Immune System With Symbiotic Bacteria: A Comparison of Xenorhabdus nematophila and Photorhabdus luminescens
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Challenging the Spodoptera exigua Immune System With Symbiotic Bacteria: A Comparison of Xenorhabdus nematophila and Photorhabdus luminescens

机译：具有共生细菌的Spodoptera exigua免疫系统挑战：Xenorhabdus nematophila和Photorhabdus Luminescens的比较

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Xenorhabdus nematophila and Photorhabdus luminescens are entomopathogenic bacteria that have mutualistic relationships with their respective nematode hosts, Steinernema carpocapsae Weiser (Rhabditid: Steinernematidae) and Heterorhabditis bacteriophora Poinar (Rhabditidae: Heterorhabditidae). These symbiotic bacteria are delivered into insect hemocoel by nematodes and rapidly activate the immune system of their target species. We show here that both these bacteria influence cellular and humoral defenses in fifth instar larvae of Spodoptera exigua Hubner (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). Larvae treated with both bacterial species possessed a higher number of hemocytes than either negative controls at initial hour post-injection (hpi) although both the frequency of hemocytes and granulocytes decreased. Results show that at times between 12 and 16 hpi the densities of both fell below the level of the negative control. The hemocyte population also fell below that seen in the negative control in larvae containing heat-killed bacteria, while nodule formation was observed in cases of both live and heat-killed bacterial treatments. We also show that the abilities of live symbiotic bacteria to influence a decrease in nodule formation were higher than was the case for their heat-killed counterparts and that no nodules formed during negative control treatment. Data show that both live and heat-killed symbiotic bacteria initially activated a range of insect defensive enzymes (including protease, phospholipase A(2)[PLA(2)], and phenoloxidase [PO]) post-injection compared with the negative control but that their activation levels fluctuated in different ways. The results of this analysis show that attacin, cecropin, and spodoptericin were upregulated by the injection of live symbiotic bacteria; the expression levels of these proteins were higher than in both normal larvae (noninjected) and negative control treatments. We show that attacin and cecropin expression rates due to live P. luminescens treatments were less than was the case for live X. nematophila treatment while the expression of spodoptericin was reversed. Results indicate that the ability of F.' luminescens to suppress cellular reactions, including the expression of attacin and cecropin, is higher than is the case for X. nematophila. The results of this study provide new insights into the roles of P. luminescens and X. nematophila in countering insect physiological defenses.
机译：Xenorhabdus nemaTophila和Photorhabdus Luminescens是昆虫致病细菌，与各自的线虫宿主，Steinernema Carpocapaae Weiser（Rhabditid：Steinernematidae）和杂草炎菌蛋白（rhabditidae：heterorhabditidae）具有相互关系的关系。这些共生细菌通过线虫递送到昆虫血管中，并迅速激活其目标物种的免疫系统。我们展示了这些细菌的影响，在Spodoptera Exigua Hubner（Lepidoptera：Noctuidae）的第五龄幼虫中影响细胞和体液防御。用两种细菌物种治疗的幼虫比注射后初始小时（HPI）的阴细胞相比具有较高数量的血细胞，尽管血细胞和粒细胞的频率下降均降低。结果表明，在12到16次HPI之间的时间间，两者的密度低于阴性对照水平。血液细胞群体在含热杀死细菌的幼虫阴性对照中也跌破了，而在活性和热杀死的细菌治疗的情况下观察到结节形成。我们还表明，活性共生细菌对结节形成降低的能力高于其热杀死的对应物的情况，并且在阴性对照处理期间没有形成结节。数据显示，与阴性对照相比，生物和热杀死的共生细菌最初活化了一系列昆虫防御酶（包括蛋白酶，磷脂酶A（2）[PLA（2）]和酚氧基酶[PO]）它们的激活水平以不同的方式波动。该分析的结果表明，通过注射活性共生细菌来上调宿主。这些蛋白质的表达水平高于正常幼虫（非灭射）和阴性对照处理。我们表明，由于活页腔培养基治疗的治疗率和Cecropin表达率少于Live X.Nematophila治疗的情况，而Spodoptericin的表达逆转。结果表明F.'的能力用于抑制细胞反应的腔，包括检索素和Cecropin的表达，高于X.Nematophila的情况。本研究的结果为P. ​​Luminescens和X.Nematophila在对抗昆虫生理防御中提供了新的见解。

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