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首页> 外文期刊>Annual Review of Public Health >Obesity in Low- and Middle-Income Countries: Burden, Drivers, and Emerging Challenges
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Obesity in Low- and Middle-Income Countries: Burden, Drivers, and Emerging Challenges

机译：低收入和中等收入国家的肥胖：负担，司机和新兴挑战

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摘要

We have reviewed the distinctive features of excess weight, its causes, and related prevention and management efforts, as well as data gaps and recommendations for future research in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Obesity is rising in every region of the world, and no country has been successful at reversing the epidemic once it has begun. In LMICs, overweight is higher in women compared with men, in urban compared with rural settings, and in older compared with younger individuals; however, the urban-rural overweight differential is shrinking in many countries. Overweight occurs alongside persistent burdens of underweight in LMICs, especially in young women. Changes in the global diet and physical activity are among the hypothesized leading contributors to obesity. Emerging risk factors include environmental contaminants, chronic psychosocial stress, neuroendocrine dysregulation, and genetic/epigenetic mechanisms. Data on effective strategies to prevent the onset of obesity in LMICs or elsewhere are limited. Expanding the research in this area is a key priority and has important possibilities for reverse innovation that may also inform interventions in high-income countries.
机译：我们已审查了重量超重，其原因和相关预防和管理努力的独特特征，以及用于低收入和中等收入国家（LMIC）的未来研究的数据差距和建议。肥胖在世界各地区升起，一旦开始，没有任何国家在逆转流行病方面取得了成功。在LMIC中，与农村环境相比，女性的超重较高，与农村环境相比，与年龄较大，与年轻人相比;然而，在许多国家，都市农村超重差异正在萎缩。超重发生在LMIC中持续的体重持续负担，特别是在年轻女性中。全球饮食和身体活动的变化是肥胖的假设主要贡献者之一。新兴危险因素包括环境污染物，慢性心理社会应激，神经内分泌失调和遗传/表观遗传机制。有关防止肥胖症或其他地方肥胖发作的有效策略的数据有限。扩大该领域的研究是一个关键优先级，具有逆向创新的重要可能性，也可能向高收入国家提供干预措施。

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