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Parkinson's: A Disease of Aberrant Vesicle Trafficking

机译:Parkinson:一种异常囊泡贩运的疾病

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Parkinson's disease (PD) is a leading cause of neurodegeneration that is defined by the selective loss of dopaminergic neurons and the accumulation of protein aggregates called Lewy bodies (LBs). The unequivocal identification of Mendelian inherited mutations in 13 genes in PD has provided transforming insights into the pathogenesis of this disease. The mechanistic analysis of several PD genes, including α-synuclein (α-syn), leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2), PTEN-induced kinase 1 (PINK1), and Parkin, has revealed central roles for protein aggregation, mitochondrial damage, and defects in endolysosomal trafficking in PD neurodegeneration. In this review, we outline recent advances in our understanding of these gene pathways with a focus on the emergent role of Rab (Ras analog in brain) GTPases and vesicular trafficking as a common mechanism that underpins how mutations in PD genes lead to neuronal loss. These advances have led to previously distinct genes such as vacuolar protein–sorting-associated protein 35 (VPS35) and LRRK2 being implicated in a common signaling pathway. A greater understanding of these common nodes of vesicular trafficking will be crucial for linking other PD genes and improving patient stratification in clinical trials underway against α-syn and LRRK2 targets.
机译:帕金森病(PD)是神经变性的主要原因,其由多巴胺能神经元的选择性丧失和蛋白质聚集体的积累所定义,称为Lewy体(LBS)。 PD中的13个基因中孟德尔遗传突变的明确鉴定为该疾病的发病机制提供了转化的洞察。几种Pd基因的机械分析,包括α-突触核蛋白(α-Syn),富含亮氨酸的重复激酶2(LRRK2),PTEN诱导的激酶1(PINK1)和Parkin,揭示了蛋白质聚集,线粒体损伤的中心作用,患有PD神经变性的内溶血素贩运缺陷。在本文中,我们概述了我们对这些基因途径的理解的最新进展,重点是Rab(RAS类似物中)GTP酶和浆果贩运作为一种常见的机制,使PD基因中的突变导致神经元损失的常见机制。这些进展导致预先明显的基因,例如真空蛋白质分类相关蛋白35(VPS35)和LRRK2涉及共同的信号通路。对这些常见的囊泡贩运节点的更大了解对于将其他PD基因联系并改善对α-SYN和LRRK2靶标的临床试验中的患者分层是至关重要的。

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