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首页> 外文期刊>Applied Soil Ecology >Interactive effect of glyphosate-based herbicides and organic soil layer thickness on growth and reproduction of the tropical earthworm Pontoscolex corethrurus (Muller, 1857)
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Interactive effect of glyphosate-based herbicides and organic soil layer thickness on growth and reproduction of the tropical earthworm Pontoscolex corethrurus (Muller, 1857)

机译：草甘膦除草剂的互动效果和有机土层厚度对热带蚯蚓浮球菌的生长和再现（Muller，1857）

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Glyphosate-based herbicides (GBHs) have negative effects on the fitness parameters of earthworms; however, these effects may vary from one commercial product to another and between different recommended doses. Additionally, frequent applications of GBHs may decrease the thickness of the topsoil layer due to increased soil erosion through vegetation reduction. To investigate the effects of frequent applications of GBHs, and their interactive effect on the performance of P. corethrurus, we performed a two-factor experiment exposing in vitro the earthworm to two commercial GBHs (factor I, FAENA FUERTE (FF, Monsanto Co.) and GLYFOS (GLY, Cheminova Co., with three levels)) and soil thickness (factor II, with two levels); having six treatments in total, each with four replicates. Both herbicides were applied at their recommended doses; a total of 11 times at intervals of 14 days in soil layers 2.5 and 5 cm deep. Earthworm biomass and cocoon production were measured every 12 days for 168 days. Application of GLY resulted in significant biomass decreases of between 51 +/- 11.54% (here and further S.E. is provided) and 100 +/- 0.00% compared to a control. For FF, the final biomass decreased significantly by between 19 +/- 7.33% and 24 +/- 8.44% at both doses, independently of soil thickness. Additionally, a significant biomass reduction of 41 +/- 7.93% was detected when soil thickness was low at highest dose. At a soil depth of 5 cm, GLY significantly decreased cocoon production by between 69 +/- 7.86% and 83 +/- 10.53% at each dose compared to the control. In contrast, the different doses of FF did not affect the number of cocoons produced, although there was a significant decrease of 72 +/- 7.18% when the soil layer was reduced. The growth rate increased significantly under exposure to both GBH at all tested doses. Our results suggest that cumulative doses of GLY are more detrimental for P. corethrurus than those of FF and that soil thickness may help buffer some of the negative effects of GBHs. In order to reduce negative impacts on earthworms in the field, we therefore suggest maintaining the topsoil layer thickness and adjusting the doses of GBHs to the lowest end of the recommended range.
机译：基于草甘膦的除草剂（GBHS）对蚯蚓的健身参数产生负面影响;然而，这些效果可能与一个商业产品不同于另一种商业产品，并且在不同推荐剂量之间变化。另外，由于通过植被降低增加，GBHs的频繁应用可能降低了表土层的厚度。探讨GBHS频繁应用的效果及其对P.Corethrurus性能的互动影响，我们对两种商业GBHS进行了一个双因素实验，将蚯蚓（FF，FF，Monsanto Co.FF，FF，Monsanto Co.ff ）和Glyfos（Gly，Cheminova Co.，三层））和土壤厚度（因子II，有两个水平）;总共有六个治疗，每次有四个重复。两种除草剂都适用于其推荐剂量;每间隔14天，总共11次2.5和5厘米深。每12天测量蚯蚓生物量和茧产量168天。在与对照相比，在51 +/-11.54％（这里和另外的S.E.10.00％，100 +/-11.54％（这里和另外，提供）的显着生物质的施用降低。对于FF，最终生物量在两剂量的19 +/- 7.33％和24 +/- 8.44％之间显着降低，独立于土壤厚度。另外，当土壤厚度低于最高剂量时，检测到41 +/- 7.93％的显着生物质减少。与对照相比，在5厘米的土壤深度为5厘米，茧产量明显降低69 +/- 7.86％和83 +/- 10.53％。相反，不同剂量的FF不影响所产生的茧的数量，尽管当减少土壤层时显着降低72 +/- 7.18％。在所有测试剂量上暴露于GBH后，生长率显着增加。我们的研究结果表明，累积剂量的含量比FF的P.Corethrurus更有害，土壤厚度可能有助于缓冲一些GBH的负面影响。为了减少对该领域的蚯蚓对蚯蚓的负面影响，我们建议保持表土层厚度并将GBH的剂量调节到推荐范围的最低端。

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