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Nanomedicines: a theranostic approach for hepatocellular carcinoma

机译：纳米胺：肝细胞癌的治疗方法

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摘要

The liver is an imperative organ of tremendous importance concerned with maintenance of metabolic functions and detoxification of exogenous and endogenous challenges like xenobiotics, viral infections and chronic alcoholism. Liver diseases particularly hepatitis B virus infections, liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma continue to pose a significant health challenge worldwide due to the lack of therapeutic management options besides liver resection and transplantation. Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the sixth most common cancer and the third leading cause of cancer mortality worldwide. HCC has a high mortality rate because of poor diagnosis. The majority of patients with liver cancer die within one year as a result of poor patient compliance. HCC is clinically treated by chemotherapy besides surgery. However, most anticancer drugs have high toxicity and low specificity, leading to systemic toxicity and severe side effects. To limit the severe side effects of cancer chemotherapy on normal tissues, tumor targeting drug delivery systems need to be explored, which provides the impetus to develop targeted therapies for achieving higher efficacy with minimal side effects. The nanostructures used as good drug carriers, possess advantages of good solubility including high drug encapsulation efficiency, high cellular uptake, further desirable pharmacokinetics and can preferentially accumulate at the tumor site through the enhanced permeability and retention (EPR) effect with the goal of minimizing toxic effects on healthy tissues while maintaining antitumor efficacy.
机译：肝脏是巨大重视的必要机构，涉及维持代谢功能和外源性和内源性挑战的解毒，如异丙菌，病毒感染和慢性酗酒。肝脏疾病特别是乙型肝炎病毒感染，肝硬化和肝细胞癌继续在全世界造成重大的健康挑战，因为除了肝切除和移植之外缺乏治疗管理选择。肝细胞癌（HCC）是第六个最常见的癌症和全世界癌症死亡率的第三个主要原因。由于诊断差，HCC具有很高的死亡率。由于患者遵守差，肝癌的大多数患者在一年内死亡。除了手术外，HCC临床治疗。然而，大多数抗癌药物具有高毒性和低特异性，导致系统性毒性和严重的副作用。为了限制癌症化疗对正常组织的严重副作用，需要探索靶向药物递送系统的肿瘤，这为开发有针对性疗法而言，为实现更高的副作用而产生动力。用作良好药物载体的纳米结构具有良好的溶解度，包括高药物包封效率，高细胞摄取，进一步理解的药代动力学，并且可以通过增强的渗透率和保留（EPR）效应来优先积聚在肿瘤部位，目标是最小化毒性对健康组织的影响同时保持抗肿瘤效果。

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