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Detection of thrombosis in a magnetically levitated blood pump by vibrational excitation of the impeller

机译：通过叶轮振动激发检测磁悬浮血液泵中的血栓形成

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Abstract The use of contactless support technology for the impeller has led to an increase in the durability of ventricular assist devices (VADs), and these have been in clinical use worldwide. However, pump thrombosis and stroke are still issues to be solved. We have developed a method for detecting the thrombosis in a magnetically levitated blood pump without the need for additional sensors or other equipment. In the proposed method, a sinusoidal current is applied to the electromagnets used for the magnetic bearing, resulting in vibration of the impeller. The phase difference between the current and displacement of the impeller increases with pump thrombosis. First, we describe the principle by which the pump thrombosis is detected. Pump thrombosis reduces the narrowest fluid gap in the pump and this gives rise to a change in the phase difference. Second, we report on experiments in which we changed the narrowest fluid gap using oriented polypropylene tape and showed that decreasing the narrowest fluid gap resulted in an increase in phase difference. For these experiments, the measurements were repeated three times for each condition. Third, we examine the relationship between the pump thrombosis and the phase difference evaluated by observations of the underside of the impeller when operating the pump with porcine blood. Since light was unable to penetrate the blood layer, the erythrocytes were removed for this observation. Only one observation was made. The results showed the phase difference rapidly increased at the same moment when the pump thrombosis was observed. This implies the proposed method has the potential to detect the early stages of pump thrombosis. Finally, in vitro experiments to detect thrombosis when using whole porcine blood in the pump were conducted. The experiment was carried out five times. To intentionally form a thrombus inside the pump, the activated clotting time was controlled to be less than 200 s. In every case, the phase difference increased by more than one degree after tens of minutes. Then, the pump was disassembled and a small amount of pump thrombosis was observed. We conclude that real‐time diagnosis of pump thrombosis may be realized by measuring the phase difference without the need for additional sensors.
机译：摘要对叶轮的非接触式支持技术的使用导致室内辅助设备（VADS）的耐久性增加，这些耐用性是全世界的临床应用。然而，泵血栓形成和中风仍然存在仍有问题。我们开发了一种检测磁悬浮血液泵中的血栓形成的方法，而无需额外的传感器或其他设备。在所提出的方法中，将正弦电流施加到用于磁轴承的电磁铁，导致叶轮的振动。叶轮电流与位移之间的相位差随泵血栓形成而增加。首先，我们描述了检测泵血栓形成的原理。泵血栓形成降低了泵中最窄的流体间隙，这导致相位差的变化。其次，我们报告了使用取向的聚丙烯胶带改变最窄的流体间隙的实验，并显示了降低最窄的流体间隙导致相位差的增加。对于这些实验，每种条件重复测量三次。第三，我们在用猪血液操作泵时，检查泵血栓形成和通过观察叶轮的下侧评估的相差。由于光不能渗透血液层，因此除去红细胞以用于该观察。只有一个观察。结果表明，观察泵血栓形成时，相位差在同一时刻迅速增加。这意味着所提出的方法有可能检测泵血栓形成的早期阶段。最后，在泵中使用全猪血时检测血栓形成的体外实验。实验进行了五次。为了故意在泵内形成血栓，将活化的凝血时间控制为小于200秒。在每种情况下，相差在几十分钟后增加了多程度。然后，拆卸泵，观察到少量的泵血栓形成。我们得出结论，通过测量相位差而不需要额外的传感器，可以实现泵血栓形成的实时诊断。

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