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Improved Generalized Predictive Control Algorithm for Blood Glucose Control of Type 1 Diabetes

机译：改进的1型糖尿病血糖控制的广义预测控制算法

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摘要

Abstract Artificial pancreas (AP) is an important treatment for patients with Type 1 diabetes (T1D). The control algorithm adopted in an AP system determines its reliability and accuracy. The generalized predictive control (GPC) is a representative adaptive control algorithm and has been widely applied to AP systems. However, we found that the traditional GPC controller does not work well for adolescents with T1D because of their high‐fluctuating blood glucose and high insulin resistance. Here, we propose an improved GPC algorithm with an adaptive reference glucose trajectory and an adaptive softening factor. The slopes of the reference trajectory and the value of softening factor are calculated real‐time on the basis of the blood glucose concentration (BGC) variations. In silico testing was done using the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved virtual patient software T1D mellitus. The BGC trace and density of 20 patient‐subjects (10 adults and 10 adolescents) were recorded. Results showed that the average BGC percentage within the target regions (70–180?mg/dL) of the tests with adaptive reference glucose trajectory and softening factor for adolescents (0.93?±?0.07) was significantly higher than that of the traditional GPC algorithm tests (0.88?±?0.11), suggesting that the control quality of the blood glucose of adolescents is significantly improved with our GPC algorithm. Therefore, our improved GPC controller is effective and should have a good applicability in AP systems.
机译：摘要人工胰腺（AP）是1型糖尿病患者的重要治疗（T1D）。 AP系统中采用的控制算法确定其可靠性和准确性。广义预测控制（GPC）是代表性自适应控制算法，并且已广泛应用于AP系统。然而，我们发现，由于其高波隆和高胰岛素抵抗，传统的GPC控制器对具有T1D的青少年不起作用。这里，我们提出了一种改进的GPC算法，具有自适应参考葡萄糖轨迹和自适应软化因子。基于血糖浓度（BGC）变化的基于血糖浓度（BGC）变化来计算参考轨迹的斜率和软化因子的值。在硅测试中，使用美国食品和药物管理局（FDA）批准的虚拟患者软件T1D MELLITUS完成。记录了BGC迹线和密度为20名患者受试者（10名成人和10个青少年）。结果表明，具有适应性参考葡萄糖轨迹和青少年软化因子的试验中的目标区域内的平均BGC百分比（0.93？±0.07）显着高于传统GPC算法的测试试验（0.88？±0.11），表明我们的GPC算法显着改善了青少年血糖的控制质量。因此，我们改进的GPC控制器有效，在AP系统中应该具有良好的适用性。

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