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首页> 外文期刊>Australian Forestry >Paths to sustainable wood supply to the pulp and paper industry in Indonesia after diseases have forced a change of species from acacia to eucalypts
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Paths to sustainable wood supply to the pulp and paper industry in Indonesia after diseases have forced a change of species from acacia to eucalypts

机译：在疾病后，印度尼西亚纸浆和造纸工业的可持续木材供应的途径迫使从金合欢到桉树变化

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In Sumatra and Kalimantan in Indonesia and Sabah in Malaysia, the spread of two diseases, aggravated by damage by fauna, and by the humid tropical environment, has forced a change of planted species from Acacia mangium to Eucalyptus pellita and related interspecific hybrids, at a scale unprecedented in the history of plantation forestry. This experience highlights the risks of relying on any single species for large contiguous plantation estates in environments with endemic biotic and abiotic stresses. There is a need to transition to multiple-species plantation forestry, adopting the opportunities for changeover of species and varieties in short-rotation systems. Industry's responses for coping with this rapid change have been helped by earlier collaborative research on acacia which promoted management practices that conserved site resources and avoided site degradation during the critical harvesting and inter-rotation phase. The current growth rates of E. pellita and its hybrids are lower than that of A. mangium. Estimates of production from plantations and expanding capacity of the pulp and paper mills highlight a risk of significant shortfalls in wood production. Improving the quality and consistency of forest operations and revision and refocussing of research and development are critical to set and achieve realistic targets for stable, incremental improvements in productivity. Each company should consider investing systematically in contemporary adaptive research for developing and applying integrated management practices that are efficient and feasible on large scales and suitable for their circumstances. There is also a critical need for research to understand the dynamics of local human capital and its relationships with the forestry sector, with focus on improving access to a stable labour force.
机译：在印度尼西亚的苏门答腊和卡利莫坦丹在马来西亚的沙巴，通过动物群造成的两种疾病的传播，以及潮湿的热带环境，从Acacia mangium到桉树和相关的三种杂种的种植物种的变化。在种植林业史上前所未有的规模。这一经验突出了依赖于具有流行生物和非生物应激的环境中大型邻接种植屋的任何物种的风险。需要转向多种种植林业，采用短旋转系统中物种和品种转换的机会。业界对应对这种快速变化的应对，并提前对合计群的合作研究有所帮助，该研究促进了保守场地资源的管理实践，避免了在临界收获和旋转间阶段的地点退化。目前薄层和其杂种的生长率低于A. Mangium。从种植园和纸浆和造纸厂的扩大能力的估计估计突出了木材生产中大幅不足的风险。提高森林运营的质量和一致性以及对研究和开发的重新开发以及对生产力的稳定，增量改善的现实目标至关重要。每家公司都应考虑系统地投资当代的适应性研究，以开发和应用综合管理实践，这些综合管理实践在大规模上具有高效和可行的，适合其情况。还需要研究对当地人力资本的动态及其与林业部门的关系的关键需要，重点是改善对稳定劳动力的机会。

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