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首页> 外文期刊>Atmospheric chemistry and physics >New particle formation and its effect on cloud condensation nuclei abundance in the summer Arctic: a case study in the Fram Strait and Barents Sea
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New particle formation and its effect on cloud condensation nuclei abundance in the summer Arctic: a case study in the Fram Strait and Barents Sea

机译：夏季北极云凝结核丰度的新粒子形成及其影响：以垃圾海峡和野野海洋为例

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In a warming Arctic the increased occurrence of new particle formation (NPF) is believed to originate from the declining ice coverage during summertime. Understanding the physico-chemical properties of newly formed particles, as well as mechanisms that control both particle formation and growth in this pristine environment, is important for interpreting aerosol-cloud interactions, to which the Arctic climate can be highly sensitive. In this investigation, we present the analysis of NPF and growth in the high summer Arctic. The measurements were made on-board research vessel Polarstern during the PS106 Arctic expedition. Four distinctive NPF and subsequent particle growth events were observed, during which particle (diameter in a range 10-50 nm) number concentrations increased from background values of approx. 40 up to 4000 cm(-3). Based on particle formation and growth rates, as well as hygroscopicity of nucleation and the Aitken mode particles, we distinguished two different types of NPF events. First, some NPF events were favored by negative ions, resulting in more-hygroscopic nucleation mode particles and suggesting sulfuric acid as a precursor gas. Second, other NPF events resulted in less-hygroscopic particles, indicating the influence of organic vapors on particle formation and growth. To test the climatic relevance of NPF and its influence on the cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) budget in the Arctic, we applied a zero-dimensional, adiabatic cloud parcel model. At an updraft velocity of 0.1 m s(-1), the particle number size distribution (PNSD) generated during nucleation processes resulted in an increase in the CCN number concentration by a factor of 2 to 5 compared to the background CCN concentrations. This result was confirmed by the directly measured CCN number concentrations. Although particles did not grow beyond 50 nm in diameter and the activated fraction of 15-50 nm particles was on average below 10 %, it could be shown that the sheer number of particles produced by the nucleation process is enough to significantly influence the background CCN number concentration. This implies that NPF can be an important source of CCN in the Arctic. However, more studies should be conducted in the future to understand mechanisms of NPF, sources of precursor gases and condensable vapors, as well as the role of the aged nucleation mode particles in Arctic cloud formation.
机译：在变暖的北极中，据信新的粒子形成（NPF）的发生增加来自夏季期间的冰盖覆盖率。了解新形成的颗粒的物理化学性质，以及控制这种原始环境中颗粒形成和生长的机制，对于解释气溶胶云相互作用是重要的，北极气候可以高度敏感。在这项调查中，我们展示了高夏天北极的NPF和生长的分析。在PS106北极探险期间，测量在板上的研究船上进行了研究船只偏光。观察到四种独特的NPF和随后的颗粒生长事件，在此期间颗粒（10-50nm的直径）数量浓度从大约的背景值增加。 40至4000厘米（-3）。基于颗粒形成和生长速率，以及成核的吸湿性和AITKEN模式粒子，我们区分了两种不同类型的NPF事件。首先，一些NPF事件受到负离子的青睐，导致更多吸湿的成核模式颗粒，并表明硫酸作为前体气体。其次，其他NPF事件导致少吸湿颗粒，表明有机蒸汽对颗粒形成和生长的影响。为了测试NPF的气候相关性及其对北极云凝结核（CCN）预算的影响，我们应用了零维绝热云包模型。在上升速度为0.1M S（-1），与背景CCN浓度相比，成核过程中产生的颗粒数尺寸分布（PNSD）产生的CCN数浓度增加2至5。通过直接测量的CCN数浓度证实了该结果。虽然颗粒在直径超过50nm之外不会长出50nm，但是15-50nm颗粒的活性分数平均低于10％，因此可以表明由成核过程产生的颗粒的薄层足以显着影响背景CCN数量浓度。这意味着NPF可以是北极中CCN的重要来源。然而，在将来应该进行更多的研究以理解NPF，前体气体来源和可粘稠的蒸汽的机制，以及老化的成核模式颗粒在北极云形成中的作用。

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