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Identification and quantification of particulate tracers of exhaust and non-exhaust vehicle emissions

机译：排气和非排气车排放颗粒示踪剂的识别和定量

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In order to identify and quantify key species associated with non-exhaust emissions and exhaust vehicular emissions, a large comprehensive dataset of particulate species has been obtained thanks to simultaneous nearroad and urban background measurements coupled with detailed traffic counts and chassis dynamometer measurements of exhaust emissions of a few in-use vehicles wellrepresented in the French fleet.Elemental carbon, brakewear metals (Cu, Fe, Sb, Sn, Mn), n-alkanes (C19-C26), light-molecular-weight polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs; pyrene, fluoranthene, anthracene) and two hopanes (17α21β norhopane and 17α21β hopane) are strongly associated with the road traffic.Traffic-fleet emission factors have been determined for all of them and are consistent with most recent published equivalent data.When possible, lightduty-and heavy-duty-traffic emission factors are also determined.In the absence of significant non-combustion emissions, light-duty-traffic emissions are in good agreement with emissions from chassis dynamometer measurements.Since recent measurements in Europe including those from this study are consistent, ratios involving copper (Cu=Fe and Cu=Sn) could be used as brake-wear emissions tracers as long as brakes with Cu remain in use.Near the Grenoble ring road, where the traffic was largely dominated by diesel vehicles in 2011 (70 %), the OC=EC ratio estimated for traffic emissions was around 0.4.Although the use of quantitative data for source apportionment studies is not straightforward for the identified organic molecular markers, their presence seems to well-characterize fresh traffic emissions.
机译：为了识别和量化与非排气排放和排气车辆排放相关的关键物种，由于同时附近和城市背景测量以及与废气排放的详细的交通计数和底盘测力计测量相结合，已经获得了大量颗粒物种数据集。在法国舰队中的一些内使用车辆良好。碳碳，刹车服金属（Cu，Fe，Sb，Sn，Mn），N-烷烃（C19-C26），轻分子量多环芳烃（PAHS;芘） ，含氟，蒽）和两种料斗（17α21β和17α21β血目）与道路交通强烈有关。为所有这些都确定了特拉克 - 舰队排放因子，并与最近发表的等效数据一致。可能的，Lightduty-也确定了重型交通排放因素。在没有重大的非燃烧排放，轻型交通排放是良好的与底盘测力计测量的排放量。欧洲最近的测量包括来自该研究的欧洲的测量是一致的，涉及铜（Cu = Fe和Cu = Sn）的比率可以用作制动器磨损排放示踪剂，只要仍然存在Cu的制动器使用。手机环路，2011年交通大部分是柴油车辆（70％），OC = EC比率估计为交通排放约为0.4。虽然使用定量数据来源分摊研究并不简单对于所鉴定的有机分子标记，它们的存在似乎是良好的特征新的交通排放。

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