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The influence of local oil exploration and regional wildfires on summer 2015 aerosol over the North Slope of Alaska

机译：在阿拉斯加北坡夏季夏季夏季夏季气雾勘探及区域野火的影响

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摘要

The Arctic is warming at an alarming rate, yet the processes that contribute to the enhanced warming are not well understood. Arctic aerosols have been targeted in studies for decades due to their consequential impacts on the energy budget, both directly and indirectly through their ability to modulate cloud microphysics. Even with the breadth of knowledge afforded from these previous studies, aerosols and their effects remain poorly quantified, especially in the rapidly changing Arctic. Additionally, many previous studies involved use of ground-based measurements, and due to the frequent stratified nature of the Arctic atmosphere, brings into question the representativeness of these datasets aloft. Here, we report on airborne observations from the US Department of Energy Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) program's Fifth Airborne Carbon Measurements (ACME-V) field campaign along the North Slope of Alaska during the summer of 2015. Contrary to previous evidence that the Alaskan Arctic summertime air is relatively pristine, we show how local oil extraction activities, 2015's central Alaskan wildfires, and, to a lesser extent, long-range transport introduce aerosols and trace gases higher in concentration than previously reported in Arctic haze measurements to the North Slope. Although these sources were either episodic or localized, they serve as abundant aerosol sources that have the potential to impact a larger spatial scale after emission.
机译：北极正在以惊人的速度变暖，但是有助于增强变暖的过程并不充分理解。由于它们对能源预算的影响，直接和间接地通过它们调节云微妙的能力，北极气雾剂已经针对了几十年的研究。即使具有来自这些先前的研究所提供的知识的广度，气溶胶及其效果仍然差异很差，特别是在快速变化的北极。此外，许多先前的研究涉及使用基于基础的测量，并且由于北极气氛的频繁分层性质，因此提出了这些数据集的代表性。在这里，我们在2015年夏天沿着阿拉斯加北坡沿着阿拉斯加北坡的美国能源大气辐射测量（ARM）第五空中碳测量（ACME-V）野战竞选（ACME-V）田野活动的空中观测。与前者的证据相反，阿拉斯加北极夏季空气是相对原来的，我们展示了局部石油提取活动，2015年的中央阿拉斯加的野火，以及在较小程度上，远程运输引入气溶胶和少于先前报道的北极雾霾测量到北坡的气溶胶和痕量气体。虽然这些来源是情节或本地化的，但它们用作丰富的气溶胶源，其有可能在发射后产生更大的空间尺度。

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