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首页> 外文期刊>Acta Radiologica >Phase-contrast X-ray imaging of breast.
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Phase-contrast X-ray imaging of breast.

机译：乳房的相衬X射线成像。

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When an X-ray wave traverses an object, its amplitude and phase change, resulting in attenuation, interference, and refraction, and in phase-contrast X-ray imaging (PCI) these are converted to intensity changes. The relative change of the X-ray phase per unit path length is even orders of magnitude larger than that of the X-ray amplitude, so that the image contrast based on variation of the X-ray phase is potentially much stronger than the contrast based on X-ray amplitude (absorption contrast). An important medical application of PCI methods is soft-tissue imaging, where the absorption contrast is inherently weak. It is shown by in vitro examples that signs of malignant human breast tumor are enhanced in PCI images. Owing to the strong contrast, the radiation dose can be greatly reduced, so that a high-resolution phase-contrast X-ray tomography of the breast is possible with about 1 mGy mean glandular dose. Scattered radiation carries essential information on the atomic and molecular structure of the object, and particularly small-angle X-ray scattering can be used to trace cancer. The imaging methods developed at the synchrotron radiation facilities will become available in the clinical environment with the ongoing development of compact radiation sources, which produce intense X-ray beams of sufficient coherence. Several developments that are under way are described here.
机译：当X射线波穿过物体时，其振幅和相位会发生变化，从而导致衰减，干涉和折射，并且在相衬X射线成像（PCI）中，这些会转换为强度变化。 X射线相位每单位路径长度的相对变化甚至比X射线幅度的相对变化大几个数量级，因此基于X射线相位变化的图像对比度可能比基于X射线相位变化的图像对比度强得多。 X射线振幅（吸收对比）。 PCI方法的一项重要医学应用是软组织成像，其吸收对比本来就很弱。体外实例显示，在PCI图像中恶性人类乳腺肿瘤的体征得到增强。由于强烈的反差，可以大大减少辐射剂量，从而可以用大约1 mGy的平均腺体剂量对乳房进行高分辨率的相衬X射线断层扫描。散射辐射携带有关物体原子和分子结构的基本信息，特别是小角度X射线散射可用于追踪癌症。随着紧凑型放射源的不断发展，在同步辐射装置上开发的成像方法将在临床环境中可用，这些放射源会产生具有足够相干性的强X射线束。这里描述了一些正在进行的开发。

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