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The Formation and Function of Granulomas

机译:肉芽肿的形成和功能

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Granulomas are organized aggregates of macrophages, often with characteristic morphological changes, and other immune cells. These evolutionarily ancient structures form in response to persistent particulate stimuli-infectious or noninfectious-that individual macrophages cannot eradicate. Granulomas evolved as protective responses to destroy or sequester particles but are frequently pathological in the context of foreign bodies, infections, and inflammatory diseases. We summarize recent findings that suggest that the granulomatous response unfolds in a stepwise program characterized by a series of macrophage activations and transformations that in turn recruit additional cells and produce structural changes. We explore why different granulomas vary and the reasons that granulomas are protective and pathogenic. Understanding the mechanisms and role of granuloma formation may uncover new therapies for the multitude of granulomatous diseases that constitute serious medical problems while enhancing the protective function of granulomas in infections.
机译:肉芽肿是组织的巨噬细胞的聚集体,通常具有特征形态变化和其他免疫细胞。这些进化的古代结构形成响应持续的颗粒刺激 - 传染性或非排感 - 个体巨噬细胞不能根除。肉芽肿是作为破坏或螯合颗粒的保护反应,但在异物,感染和炎症性疾病的背景下经常是病态的。我们总结了最近的发现,表明肉芽肿的反应在逐步的程序中展开,其特征在于一系列巨噬细胞激活和转化,转向招聘额外的细胞并产生结构变化。我们探索为什么不同的肉芽肿会有所不同,肉芽肿是保护性和致病性的原因。了解肉芽肿形成的机制和作用可能揭示众多粒状疾病的新疗法,该疾病构成严重的医疗问题,同时提高肉芽肿在感染中的保护功能。

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