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Cell Biology of T Cell Receptor Expression and Regulation

机译:T细胞受体表达和调节细胞生物学

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摘要

T cell receptors (TCRs) are protein complexes formed by six different polypeptides. In most T cells, TCRs are composed of alpha beta subunits displaying immunoglobulin-like variable domains that recognize peptide antigens associated with major histocompatibility complex molecules expressed on the surface of antigen-presenting cells. TCR alpha beta subunits are associated with the CD3 complex formed by the gamma, delta, epsilon, and zeta subunits, which are invariable and ensure signal transduction. Here, we review how the expression and function of TCR complexes are orchestrated by several fine- tuned cellular processes that encompass (a) synthesis of the subunits and their correct assembly and expression at the plasma membrane as a single functional complex, (b) TCR membrane localization and dynamics at the plasma membrane and in endosomal compartments, (c) TCR signal transduction leading to T cell activation, and (d) TCR degradation. These processes balance each other to ensure efficient T cell responses to a variety of antigenic stimuli while preventing autoimmunity.
机译:T细胞受体(TCR)是六种不同多肽形成的蛋白质复合物。在大多数T细胞中,TCR由αβ亚基组成,显示识别与在抗原呈递细胞表面上表达的主要组织相容性复合物相关的肽抗原的免疫球蛋白样可变结构域。 TCRαβ亚基与由γ,δ,ε和Zeta亚基形成的CD3复合物相关,这是不变的,确保信号转导。在这里,我们回顾了TCR复合物的表达和功能是如何通过几种微调细胞过程策划的,所述细胞过程包括(a)合成亚基及其正确的组装和在血浆膜中作为单一官能复合物的表达,(b)tcr膜定位和动力学在血浆膜和内体隔室中的动力学,(c)TCR信号转导,导致T细胞活化,(d)TCR降解。这些过程彼此平衡以确保有效的T细胞对各种抗原刺激的反应,同时防止自身免疫。

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