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Homogenous and transparent nanocellulosic films from carrot

机译：红萝卜的均相和透明纳米纤维素薄膜

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Nano fibrillated cellulose (NFC) and nanocrystalline cellulose (NCC) have been extracted from carrot pulp by using non-conventional ball milling and acid hydrolysis process respectively. Initially, hot water washed carrot raw fibers treated with hydrogen peroxide, yielded the cellulose rich fibers in the absence of beta-carotene and lignin. The scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of raw and bleached fibers showed that carrot consisting of both classical and unusual spring shaped fibers. The ensued purified fibers were fibrillated by ball milling process at three different grinding time to obtain NFC. The consequence of grinding time on fibrillation and morphology of the resulted NFC was investigated by SEM. In parallel, alkali treated pure carrot fibers were used to extract the NCC by acid hydrolysis process. The structural, functional, crystalline and thermal properties of resulted NFC and NCC was characterized by means of transmission electron microscopy (TEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The length and the diameter of the NCC prepared from carrot was in the range of 54-610 nm. Significant improvement in crystallinity was observed for 5NFC (69%) and NCC (78%) compared to that of raw fibers (36%). The obtained NFC and NCC suspensions were separately cast into nanocellulosic films (NCF). The optical and morphological properties of the resulted films were analysed systematically by ultraviolet visible spectrophotometry (UV-vis) and SEM respectively. NCF exhibited the significant improvement in the transparency and homogeneity with increase in the grinding time. Furthermore, the mechanical properties of the carrot NCF were studied by using the tensile test.
机译：通过使用非常规球磨和酸性水解过程，从胡萝卜纸浆中提取了纳米原纤化纤维素（NFC）和纳米晶纤维素（NCC）。最初，用过氧化氢处理的热水洗涤胡萝卜原料纤维，在不存在β-胡萝卜素和木质素的情况下产生富含纤维素的纤维。原料和漂白纤维的扫描电子显微镜（SEM）显示，胡萝卜包括古典和不寻常的弹簧形纤维。通过球磨过程在三种不同的研磨时间下通过球磨过程进行纯化纤维，得到NFC。通过SEM研究了研磨时间磨削时间和所得NFC的形态的结果。并行地，使用碱处理的纯胡萝卜纤维通过酸水解过程提取NCC。通过透射电子显微镜（TEM），原子力显微镜（AFM），傅里叶变换红外光谱（FT-IR），X射线衍射（XRD）的结构，功能，结晶和热性能，其特征在于由透射电子显微镜（TEM），原子力显微镜（AFM），X射线衍射（XRD）和热重分析（TGA）。从胡萝卜制备的NCC的长度和直径在54-610nm的范围内。与原料纤维（36％）相比，观察到5NFC（69％）和NCC（78％）的结晶度显着改善（36％）。将获得的NFC和NCC悬浮液分别分别浇铸成纳米纤维膜（NCF）。通过紫外可见分光光度法（UV-VI）和SEM系统地系统地分析所得薄膜的光学和形态学性质。 NCF随着磨削时间的增加而表现出透明度和均匀性的显着改善。此外，通过使用拉伸试验研究了胡萝卜NCF的机械性能。

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