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Effect of bio-polyols with different chemical structures on foaming of polyurethane systems and foam properties

机译：不同化学结构对不同化学结构的生物多元醇对聚氨酯体系和泡沫特性的影响

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摘要

In the present work, we report on rigid polyurethane foams (PUR) prepared using three rapeseed oil-based polyols with different chemical structures. The first and the second polyols were made following the transes-terification and transamidization methods, whereas the third one was prepared through epoxidation and a ring opening reactions. The rapeseed oil-based PUR foams were next compared with reference foams obtained using polyether petrochemical polyols. The diversity of the chemical structures of the bio-polyols allowed an evaluation of the effect of the bio-component's structure on the properties of the foams obtained. It was noticed that the structures of the bio-polyols have a significant effect on the reactivity of the resultant polyurethane systems. The formulations modified with the bio-polyol containing amine groups were the most reactive and exhibited a faster decrease of the dielectric polarization than the formulations based on the bio-polyol obtained in the epoxidation and ring-opening reactions. The apparent densities of the rigid polyurethane foams were comparable - ca. 36-38 kg/m(3). The PUR foams based on the bio-polyol obtained by the transesterification method were characterized by the lowest content of closed cells. A replacement of a petrochemical polyol with each of the rapeseed oil-based bio-polyols used increased the brittleness of the foams obtained. The values of the thermal conductivity coefficient increased vs the ageing time (24 h, 7 days, 30 days, 3 months and 3 years). The highest values of the thermal conductivity after different ageing times were noticed for the materials modified with the bio-polyol obtained in the transamidization reaction. The rigid polyurethane foams based on the bio-polyol obtained in the two-step methods were characterized by more beneficial mechanical properties. As far as the thermal stability and flammability are concerned, more favourable properties were noticed for the foams modified with the products of the rapeseed oil transamidization and transesterification reactions.
机译：在本作工作中，我们报告使用具有不同化学结构的三种菜籽油基多醇制备的刚性聚氨酯泡沫（PUR）。首先和第二多元醇在转透过和透析方法中进行，而第三种通过环氧化和开环反应制备。接下来与使用聚醚石化多元醇获得的参考泡沫进行接下来进行菜籽油的PUR泡沫。生物多元醇的化学结构的多样性允许评估生物组分结构对所得泡沫的性质的影响。注意到生物多元醇的结构对所得聚氨酯体系的反应性具有显着影响。用生物多元醇含有胺基进行改性的制剂是最有反应性的，并且比基于在环氧化和开环反应中获得的生物多元醇的制剂表现出更快的介电偏振的降低。刚性聚氨酯泡沫的表观密度可比较 - CA. 36-38 kg / m（3）。基于通过酯交换方法获得的生物多元醇的PUR泡沫的特征在于闭孔的最低含量。用每种菜籽油基生物多元醇的替代石化多元醇用于所获得的泡沫的脆性增加。导热系数的值增加了老化时间（24小时，7天，30天，3个月和3年）。对于在横向反应中获得的生物多元醇改性的材料，注意到不同老化时间后的热导率的最高值。基于两步方法中获得的生物多元醇的刚性聚氨酯泡沫的特征在于更有益的机械性能。就热稳定性和易燃性而言，对于用菜籽油崩解和酯交换反应的产品改性的泡沫，注意到更有利的性质。

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