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Improvement of blood loss volume estimation by paramedics using a pictorial nomogram: A developmental study

机译：使用图形墨水图改进护理人员血液损失体积估计：发育研究

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Abstract Introduction To propose and evaluate a nomogram to assist paramedics to visually estimate the external blood loss on a non-absorbent surface and to identify whether the nomogram improves visual estimation. Methods The study was a prospective, paired-control design (pre-training control group & post-training group), utilizing Emergency Medical Assistant (EMA) I and II trainees from the Hong Kong Fire Services Ambulance Command Training School. A nomogram (blood loss volume to area on a non-absorbent surface) was prepared to aid blood loss estimation. All participants estimated four scenarios of blood pools twice (A: 180mL; B: 470mL;C: 940mL; D: 1550mL) before and after using the nomogram. Every participant received two-minute training on how to use the nomogram correctly. The difference between the estimations and the actual volume in each scenario was calculated. The absolute percentage errors were used for direct comparison and identification of improvement between visual estimation and the use of the nomogram. Results Sixty-one participants with an average of 3-year paramedic field experience were recruited by convenience sampling. In combining all scenarios, the median of absolute percentage error of 61 participants was 43% (95%CI 38.0–50.9%) in visual estimation, while it was 23% (95%CI 17.4–27.0%) when using the nomogram. There was a significant reduction in absolute percentage error between visual estimation and the use of the nomogram ( p Conclusion The nomogram significantly improved the estimation of external blood loss volume.
机译：摘要介绍提出并评估了载体，以帮助护理人员在视觉上估计非吸收性表面上的外部血液损失，并确定墨顶图是否提高了视觉估计。方法研究是一项潜在，配对控制设计（培训前对照组和培训组），利用香港消防救护车指挥培训学校的紧急医疗助理（EMA）I和II学员。制备NOM图（非吸收性表面上的血液损失体积）​​以帮助损失损失估计。所有参与者估计两次血液池的某种情况（A：180ml; B：470ml; C：940ml; D：1550ml）使用NOM图之前和之后。每个参与者都接受了两分钟的培训，如何正确使用墨顶图。计算每个场景中的估计与实际体积之间的差异。绝对百分比误差用于直接比较和识别视觉估计与墨顶图之间的改进。结果方便抽样招募了六十一名参与者，平均为3年的护理人员现场经验。在结合所有情景时，61名参与者的绝对百分比误差的中位数在视觉估算中为43％（95％CI 38.0-50.9％），使用NOM图时为23％（95％CI 17.4-27.0％）。目视估计与NOM图之间的绝对百分比误差有显着降低（P结论NOM图显着改善了外部损伤量的估计。

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