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首页> 外文期刊>Intellectual Property Quarterly. >Biotechnology,Health and Patents as Private Governance Tools:The Good,the Bad and the Potential for Ugly?
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Biotechnology,Health and Patents as Private Governance Tools:The Good,the Bad and the Potential for Ugly?

机译：生物技术，健康和专利作为私人治理工具：丑陋，难度和难度的潜力？

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摘要

This article argues that patents,although often viewed primarily in terms of their economic or incentivising function,also have an important but often overlooked private governance function.Inherent in the grant of a patent is the right given to the patent holder to exclude others from using that invention,and to set the parameters around the terms of use for the duration of the patent (via licensing).This right can in turn impact the trajectory of the patented invention and also multiple downstream inventions,potentially dictating uses in that field for the duration of the patent.Moreover,existing avenues offering potential oversight around the broader implications of decisions on patent use and grant,such as the morality provisions for patent grant,compulsory licensing provisions or mechanisms to challenge patents post-grant are limited in their effect in practice.Hence,patent holders exercise such governance functions with limited,if any,external oversight.Furthermore,patent holders'decisions on patent use can have significant consequences that are particularly acute for health-related biotechnologies.Accordingly,this article argues that in the context of health-related biotechnologies there is a need for greater consideration and oversight over patent holders'private governance function.
机译：本文认为专利，虽然通常在其经济或激励职能方面主要观察，但也有一个重要但经常被忽视的私人治理。在专利授予专利持有人的权利中，否则将从其他人排除其他人本发明，并在专利的持续时间（通过许可）周围设置参数（通过许可）。这右可以反过来冲击专利发明的轨迹以及多个下游发明，潜在地对该领域的用途使用专利的持续时间。多元化的途径，提供关于专利使用和补助金的决策的更广泛影响的潜在监督，例如专利申请人的道德规定，挑战专利授予批准的挑战专利的强制性许可规定或机制受到影响练习，专利持有人在有限的情况下行使这种治理职能，如果有的话，如果有的话，可以进行任何外部监督。繁殖，专利持有人“专利使用的决定可能具有与健康相关的生物技术急剧急剧的重大后果。因此，本文认为，在与健康有关的生物技术的背景下，需要更加考虑和监督专利持有人的私人治理功能。

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